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SMB Enumeration: una delle fasi più importanti nel penetr...
Canio · 2026-05-13 · via DEV Community

Canio

Quando un host Windows espone SMB, espone spesso anche moltissime informazioni utili per un attaccante. Per questo è uno dei primi servizi controllati in qualsiasi attività di penetration testing.

Cos'è SMB

SMB (Server Message Block) è il protocollo Windows per condivisione file, stampanti e autenticazione di rete. Porte principali: 445/tcp e 139/tcp.

Cosa si può raccogliere

Anche senza credenziali, SMB può rivelare:

  • hostname e nome dominio
  • utenti e share
  • policy password
  • versione del sistema operativo
  • configurazioni di sicurezza

Perché è così critico

In ambienti Active Directory, SMB è ovunque. Molte tecniche offensive dipendono direttamente da esso:

  • pass-the-hash
  • lateral movement
  • remote execution
  • credential dumping
  • relay attacks (es. NTLM relay)

Errori comuni nelle infrastrutture

  • SMBv1 ancora attivo
  • share con permesso "Everyone" in lettura
  • accessi guest abilitati
  • file sensibili (credenziali, chiavi SSH, backup DB) su share interne

Queste configurazioni aumentano enormemente la superficie di attacco.

Approfondimenti

Per una guida tecnica più avanzata su tecniche offensive e difensive in ambienti Windows: SMB Enumeration su HackIta

Difese consigliate

  • Disabilitare SMBv1
  • Applicare least privilege sulle share
  • Monitorare gli accessi SMB
  • Segmentare la rete
  • Patch regolari
  • Audit periodico dei permessi

Articolo originariamente pubblicato su hackita.it