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Установка MySQL 8.0.46 из tar-архива
Ruslan · 2026-05-11 · via DEV Community

Ruslan

Установка MySQL 8.0.46 из tar-архива

Инструкция описывает установку MySQL версии 8.0.46 из официального tar-архива

!!! tip "Как пользоваться инструкцией"
Команды можно копировать и выполнять по порядку сверху вниз. 🙂

!!! info "Особенности установки"
- MySQL устанавливается в отдельную директорию /app/mysql/8.0.46.
- Такая схема позволяет устанавливать рядом несколько версий MySQL.
- Каждая версия может иметь собственные директории data, binlog, relaylog, log, tmp, run, config.
- Для каждой версии можно использовать отдельный файл конфигурации my.cnf и отдельный systemd unit.
- Сервис запускается от системного пользователя mysql.

Назначение схемы установки

При установке MySQL в отдельную версионную директорию можно держать на одном сервере несколько независимых экземпляров MySQL разных версий.

Например:

/app/mysql/8.0.35
/app/mysql/8.0.46
/app/mysql/8.4.0

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!!! warning "Важно"
У каждого экземпляра должны быть собственные значения параметров, например: port, socket, datadir, server_id, а также отдельный systemd unit.

1. Установка зависимостей

dnf install -y libaio numactl-libs tar wget xz

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2. Создание системного пользователя

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

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3. Создание директорий

mkdir -p /app/mysql/8.0.46/{server,data,binlog,relaylog,log,tmp,run,config}

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4. Скачивание архива MySQL

cd /app/mysql/8.0.46
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.46-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
sha256sum mysql-8.0.46-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

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!!! warning "Проверка архива"
Значение sha256sum должно совпадать с checksum, указанным на официальном сайте MySQL.

После проверки checksum распаковываем архив в директорию /app/mysql/8.0.46/server

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.46-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz -C /app/mysql/8.0.46/server --strip-components=1

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5. Создание файла конфигурации

vim /app/mysql/8.0.46/config/my.cnf

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[client]
port = 3306
socket = /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock

[mysql]
socket = /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
server_id = 1
user = mysql
port = 3306
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip_name_resolve = ON

socket = /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock
pid-file = /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.pid

basedir = /app/mysql/8.0.46/server
datadir = /app/mysql/8.0.46/data
tmpdir = /app/mysql/8.0.46/tmp

character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
disabled_storage_engines = MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE

log-error = /app/mysql/8.0.46/log/mysql.err

log_bin = /app/mysql/8.0.46/binlog/mysql-bin
log_bin_index = /app/mysql/8.0.46/binlog/mysql-bin.index
log_replica_updates = ON

relay_log = /app/mysql/8.0.46/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index = /app/mysql/8.0.46/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin.index
relay_log_recovery = ON

gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
sync_binlog = 1

source_verify_checksum = ON
replica_sql_verify_checksum = ON
binlog_checksum = CRC32

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6. Назначение прав

chown -R mysql:mysql /app/mysql/8.0.46
chmod 750 /app/mysql/8.0.46

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7. Создание файла окружения env

Создаем файл окружения в директории /root

vim /root/mysql_8_0_46.env

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export MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.46
export MYSQL_BASE=/app/mysql/8.0.46
export MYSQL_HOME=/app/mysql/8.0.46/server
export MYSQL_CNF=/app/mysql/8.0.46/config/my.cnf
export MYSQL_SOCK=/app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock
export MYSQL_PORT=3306

case ":$PATH:" in
  *":$MYSQL_HOME/bin:"*) ;;
  *) export PATH="$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH" ;;
esac

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Загружаем переменные окружения

source /root/mysql_8_0_46.env

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8. Инициализация data-директории

!!! warning "Важно"
Перед инициализацией директория /app/mysql/8.0.46/data должна быть пустой.

/app/mysql/8.0.46/server/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/app/mysql/8.0.46/config/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --console

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!!! note "Временный пароль root"
После инициализации MySQL запишет временный пароль пользователя root
в error log.

sudo grep 'temporary password' /app/mysql/8.0.46/log/mysql.err

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9. Первый тестовый запуск MySQL

/app/mysql/8.0.46/server/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/app/mysql/8.0.46/config/my.cnf --user=mysql &

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10. Подключаемся к базе данных

mysql -u root -p -S /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock

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!!! note "Временный пароль"
Используйте временный пароль пользователя root, который был получен после инициализации.

11. Смена пароля пользователя root

После первого подключения необходимо заменить временный пароль пользователя root на постоянный

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwerty123!';

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12. Ручная остановка MySQL

/app/mysql/8.0.46/server/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -S /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock shutdown

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13. Создание systemd unit-файла

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql_8_0_46.service

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[Unit]
Description=MySQL 8.0.46 Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mysql
Group=mysql

ExecStart=/app/mysql/8.0.46/server/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/app/mysql/8.0.46/config/my.cnf --user=mysql

PIDFile=/app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.pid

LimitNOFILE=65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

PrivateTmp=false

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

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Регистрируем unit-файл и включаем сервис в автозагрузку

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable mysql_8_0_46.service

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Запускаем сервис

systemctl start mysql_8_0_46.service
systemctl status mysql_8_0_46.service

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14. Проверка работы MySQL

systemctl status mysql_8_0_46.service
ss -lntp | grep 3306
mysql -u root -p -S /app/mysql/8.0.46/run/mysql.sock

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SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version';

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