Generative artificial intelligence (AI) powered by large language models presents a significant breakthrough. For the first time, humans are communicating with computers using language instructions. This has enabled the use of AI agents to perform intelligent tasks involving some degree of advanced reasoning and complex logic.

Vibe coding – the use of AI for programming and software development by lay persons – empowers end-user application deployments. One-person companies using AI agents to manage business and handle clients are gaining support in places like San Francisco, Singapore and Chinese cities such as Shenzhen and Hangzhou.

As white-collar workers are empowered by AI, companies are gearing up to consolidate or slash jobs. A recent index published by Tufts University ranks writers and authors (57 per cent), computer programmers (55 per cent) and web and digital interface designers (55 per cent) as being most vulnerable to AI-driven job losses.

Tech companies such as Amazon and Meta have commissioned massive lay-off plans to prune tens of thousands of workers. Job prospects seem gloomy in banking, finance and consultancy too.

When AI can autonomously undertake intelligent tasks, we need to ponder – should schools still teach subjects such as programming or financial portfolio analysis? Bill Gates once said that AI will replace teachers, doctors and other professionals. Indeed, surveys suggest that many students are using AI in schools to help with learning.

When students can interact with multi-modal AI agents to learn, build applications and complete tasks, what becomes of the role of teachers? Taking one step backwards, why would most students need to learn foundational subjects such as programming or statistics?