The US supreme court turned away on Monday a gun industry challenge to a New York law that permits lawsuits against gun makers, wholesalers and dealers for endangering people’s safety through sales of firearms and ammunition.
The justices declined to hear an appeal by an industry trade group, the National Shooting Sports Foundation, of a lower court ruling upholding the law, which New York calls a public nuisance statute.
Gun manufacturers including Smith & Wesson, Ruger, Beretta, Glock, Sig Sauer and Sturm joined the appeal, which argued that New York’s law unconstitutionally conflicted with federal law. The supreme court in 2025 spared Smith & Wesson from a lawsuit by Mexico’s government accusing the company of aiding illegal gun trafficking to drug cartels.
The National Shooting Sports Foundation expressed disappointment that the supreme court decided not to hear its appeal.
“NSSF sincerely believes that those criminals who illegally misuse lawful products should be held responsible for the harms they cause when they commit their crimes,” Mark Oliva, a spokesperson, said in an email. “Holding the firearm industry responsible for the criminal misuse of a firearm is akin to holding and Ford Motor Company responsible for damages from drunk-driving crimes.”
Signed in 2021 by Andrew Cuomo, the Democratic former governor, the New York law requires the gun industry to use reasonable safeguards to protect against gun trafficking, theft and the use of “straw purchasers” who buy firearms for someone else. It also allows civil lawsuits by New York state and local officials as well as members of the public.
Letitia James, New York’s attorney general, has said the law helps in fighting a “scourge” of gun violence.
The National Shooting Sports Foundation said the law was preempted by a 2005 federal law, the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, that shields the gun industry from civil liability when its products are used in crimes. Under the US constitution’s supremacy clause, federal laws take precedence over conflicting state laws. The Manhattan-based second US circuit court of appeals upheld New York’s law last year.
Circuit judge Eunice Lee, an appointee of Democratic former president Joe Biden, wrote that Congress intended to preserve “at least some causes of action” when a defendant’s knowing violation of federal or state firearms sales and marketing laws was a proximate cause of harm.
The appeal did not hinge on the US constitution’s second amendment protections of the right to keep and bear arms. But the trade group said laws such as New York’s imperil such rights by allowing lawsuits that could saddle companies with “crushing liability” for crimes they had nothing to do with.
It also said a “predicate exception” in the federal law at issue subjected the industry to liability only for failures to comply with specific obligations or prohibitions within its control.
“The decision below blows a gaping hole in a statute that Congress enacted for the express purpose of protecting the firearms industry from exactly the kinds of lawsuits New York seeks to usher back in,” the group said.
New York said the predicate exception allowed liability for some “downstream acts” of third parties. It also said at least nine states have passed laws to satisfy the exception.
The gun industry appeal was supported by the National Rifle Association, 24 Republican state attorneys general and several dozen Republican members of Congress.
The supreme court has expanded gun rights in three major decisions since 2008, when it found that the second amendment conferred an individual right to keep and bear arms.