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Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

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BugSweeper: Function-Level Detection of Smart Contract Vu...
Uisang Lee, · 2026-03-14 · via Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Authors

  • Uisang Lee Seoul National University
  • Changhoon Chung Seoul National University
  • Junmo Lee Seoul National University
  • Soo-Mook Moon Seoul National University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i1.37021

Abstract

The rapid growth of Ethereum has made it more important to quickly and accurately detect smart contract vulnerabilities. While machine learning-based methods have shown some promise, many still rely on rule-based preprocessing designed by domain experts. Rule-based preprocessing methods often discard crucial context from the source code, potentially causing certain vulnerabilities to be overlooked and limiting adaptability to newly emerging threats. We introduce BugSweeper, an end-to-end deep learning framework that detects vulnerabilities directly from the source code without manual engineering. BugSweeper represents each Solidity function as a Function-Level Abstract Syntax Graph (FLAG), a novel graph that combines its Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with enriched control-flow and data-flow semantics. Then, our two-stage Graph Neural Network (GNN) analyzes these graphs. The first-stage GNN filters noise from the syntax graphs, while the second-stage GNN conducts high-level reasoning to detect diverse vulnerabilities. Extensive experiments on real-world contracts show that BugSweeper significantly outperforms all state-of-the-art detection methods. By removing the need for handcrafted rules, our approach offers a robust, automated, and scalable solution for securing smart contracts without any dependence on security experts.

How to Cite

Lee, U., Chung, C., Lee, J., & Moon, S.-M. (2026). BugSweeper: Function-Level Detection of Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Using Graph Neural Networks. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 40(1), 570–578. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i1.37021

Issue

Section

AAAI Technical Track on Application Domains I

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