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Windows 系统下 Python 以及 Pip 的安装和使用
2015-10-21 · via jdhao's digital space

本文主要介绍在 Windows 系统下,如何安装 Python 和 Pip, 以及 Pip 的简单使用。

可以从官方途径安装 python,安装包比较小,但是这个安装包只包含了运行 Python 所必需的库以及 Python 内置的一些库,因此缺少很多常用的库,例如 Numpy, PIL, Matplotlib 等等,如果需要使用这些库,需要自己手动去安装。

另外一个不错的选择是直接安装 Anaconda。Anaconda 是科学计算常用的一个 Python 发型版本,包含 Python 的可执行程序,Anaconda 预装了很多常用的 Python 库,例如 Matplotlib,Numpy, 省去了自己安装的麻烦。并且 Anaconda 自带了库管理工具 conda, 相当于加强版的 pip,非常方便。

请注意,安装 python 以后请把 python 可执行文件的路径加入系统的 PATH 变量,以便后面可以直接在命令行使用 python 命令。

安装 pip#

安装 Python 以后(我的 Python 版本是 32 位,版本号 2.7.10),如果需要安装一些其他的库,一般有两种办法,一种是自己手动去各个库的官网下载,自己安装, 这种方式十分麻烦,有的库可能还需要编译,如果不熟悉,很容易弄错;另一种方法是安装 pip,使用 pip 可以方便安装各种 Python 库。

你是否需要安装 pip? (updated: 2018-01)#

根据 pip 文档介绍,如果 python 版本满足 Python 2 >=2.7.9 or Python 3 >=3.4,那么安装的 Python 已经自带了 pip 工具,不要单独安装 pip。

在命令行使用 python --version 查看系统安装的 Python 版本来确定你是否需要安装pip。

使用 get-pip.py 安装 pip#

首先,下载 get-pip.py 文件,然后在命令行中进入该文件下载的目录,执行下面的命令

python get-pip.py --user

pip 就安装好了。

pip 的使用#

  • 要安装某个python库,直接使用 pip install <package_name> 即可。如 pip install matplotlib
  • 要查看 python 都安装了哪些库,可以使用 pip list
  • 要删除某个安装的库,可以使用 pip uninstall <package_name> 命令
  • 要显示某个库的详细信息,可以使用 pip show <package_name> 命令。如 pip show numpy,结果如下

  • 显示安装的库中有哪些是需要升级的,可以使用 pip list -–outdated,显示如下:

  • 升级一个已经安装的package,使用 pip install --upgrade <package_name>,例如 pip install –-upgrade numpy

参考#