This post is about how to set up black, the popular code formatter for Python projects.

Basic usage#

Format the file inplace :

If we only want to check if the file needs reformat, we can use --check:

black --check your_script.py

Show the diffs between old and new file if black were to reformat:

black --diff --color your_script.py

skip formatting for some code#

To skip formatting for a single line, you can add # fmt: skip at the end of the line. To skip formatting for a block of code, you need to add # fmt: off and # fmt:on before and after the block.

Configuration#

Black offers very little configuration. You can put the configuration inside pyproject.toml under the section [tool.black]:

[tool.black]
# The keys are the long option names what black accept on the command line.
line-length = 100
skip-string-normalization = true

The pyproject.toml file should be put at the root of the project.

ref:

• basic configuration: https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/the_basics.html
• the black style: https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html

Integration to Editor/IDE#

PyCharm#

For latest version of PyCharm, open settings, and go to Tools --> Black, you can configure how black should be run for a file.

Visual Studio Code#

Install the black formatter extension from Microsoft. Open the command plate (shift + command + P), and search Open User Settings (JSON), and open the user setting. Add the following config:

    "[python]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter",
        "editor.formatOnSave": true,
      }

Neovim#

For neovim you can use dedicated formatter plugins from here.

You can also use python-language-server and black as the formatter. The detailed configuration can be found here.

CI/CD integration#

GitHub action#

For GitHub action integration, please check the official doc: https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/integrations/github_actions.html

Azure DevOps#

For Azure DevOps, we can add a custom step to check the code formatting:

- script: |
    pip install black
    black --check --diff .
  displayName: Check code format with black

Ref:

• https://10xlearner.com/2022/03/23/checking-your-python-code-format-on-azure-pipelines/

Ignore the code reformat commit#

Create a file named .git-blame-ignore-revs in the project root and add the commit that reformat the code:

# reformat the code using black
<the-full-commit-hash>

Then when using git blame, we can provide this to ignore certain commit:

git blame your_script.py --ignore-revs-file .git-blame-ignore-revs

ref:

• https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guides/introducing_black_to_your_project.html