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Coupling-Robust Accuracy in Multiphysics Physics Informed Neural Networks via Kronecker-Preconditioned Optimization Non-normal spectral signatures of instability in neural network training dynamics Optimization of randomized neural networks for transfer operator approximation Selective Ambulance Dispatch Under Contextual Travel-Time Uncertainty LLAMA LIMA: A Living Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Generative AI on Learning Mathematics Neural Flow Operators can Approximate any Operator: Abstract Frameworks and Universal Approximations LLMs as Noisy Channels: A Shannon Perspective on Model Capacity and Scaling Laws On the Stability of Spherical Hellinger-Kantorovich Flows and Their Implications for Differential Privacy Training-Free Looped Transformers Move on Muon : A Hamiltonian probability gradient flow perspective of Muon optimizer Entrywise Error Bounds for Spectral Ranking with Semi-Random Adversaries Asymmetric Scaling Laws from Sparse Features Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? RA-DCA: A Randomized Active-Set DCA for Directional Stationarity in Max-Structured DC Programs Commutator-Induced Uncertainty in VAEs Weisfeiler-Leman Is Incomplete on Simple Spectrum Graphs, so Canonicalize Them Sparse In-Network Learning via Shortest-Path Backpropagation and Finite-Rate Gating Instance-Optimal Estimation with Multiple LLM Judges on a Budget Entropy Equivalence Testing Expand More, Shrink Less: Shaping Effective-Rank Dynamics for Dense Scaling in Recommendation Any-Dimensional Invariant Universality Operationalizing Individual Fairness via Gradient Descent and Bradley-Terry Models Anytime Training with Schedule-Free Spectral Optimization Diffusion-based Denoising Beats Vanilla Score Matching in Parameter Estimation: A Theoretical Explanation Resilience Characterization of AI-Native Wireless Receivers via Persistent Homology The General Theory of Localization Methods Group-Algebraic Tensors: Provably-optimal Equivariant Learning and Physical Symmetry Discovery General Lower Bounds for Differentially Private Federated Learning with Arbitrary Public-Transcript Interactions PilotWiMAE: Pilot-Native Representation Learning for Wireless Channels Proximal basin hopping: global optimization with guarantees
The Closure of LCD-to-GI Reductions via Generalized Inner...
Keita Ishizuka · 2026-05-22 · via math updates on arXiv.org

The Permutation Equivalence Problem (PEP) for linear codes is a fundamental problem in coding theory and cryptography. A recent reduction shows that PEP for Linear Complementary Dual (LCD) codes reduces to Graph Isomorphism (GI) via orthogonal projectors, but is restricted to codes with trivial hull. We prove that this approach extends to bilinear forms $M = aI + bJ$, and that no other nondegenerate symmetric form yields a valid reduction. A code is reducible if and only if its hull dimension is at most $1$ with an explicit condition on the hull vector; in characteristic $2$, only LCD codes are reducible. This establishes the closure of the orthogonal projector method. We derive exact enumeration formulas via character sums over quadratic forms and provide a polynomial-time reduction algorithm.