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Beyond Binary Edits Robust Multimodal Knowledge Editing with Adversarial Subspace Alignment Agentic Proving for Program Verification MemAudit: Post-hoc Auditing of Poisoned Agent Memory via Causal Attribution and Structural Anomaly Detection OpenSkillEval: Automatically Auditing the Open Skill Ecosystem for LLM Agents One Policy, Infinite NPCs: Persona-Traceable Shared RL Policies for Scalable Game Agents How Human-Like Are Large Language Models? A Register-Aware Linguistic Evaluation Framework Benchmarking Google Embeddings 2 against Open-Source Models for Multilingual Dense Retrieval and RAG Systems Structure-Guided Entity Resolution: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Robust Name Matching in Complex Linguistic Contexts Solving the Aircraft Disassembly Scheduling Problem Co-ReAct: Rubrics as Step-Level Collaborators for ReAct Agents CP or DP? Why Not Both: A Case Study in the Partial Shop Scheduling Problem Asking For An Old Friend: Diagnosing and Mitigating Temporal Failure Modes in LLM-based Statutory Question Answering EDGE-OPD: Internalizing Privileged Context with Evidence Guided On-Policy Distillation ARES: Automated Rubric Synthesis for Scalable LLM Reinforcement Learning SSDAU: Structured Semantic Data Augmentation for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Naturalistic measure of social norms alignment Articulatory strategy as a source of variation in acoustic vowel dynamics When Planning Fails Despite Correct Execution: On Epistemic Calibration for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems EquiSumm : A Gender Bias-Aware Framework for Inclusive Tweet Summarization Metacognition as Reward: Reinforcing LLM Reasoning via Knowledge and Regulation Signals From Correctness to Preference: A Framework for Personalized Agentic Reinforcement Learning Cultural Adaptation in Large Language Models for Political Discourse Emotion Recognition in Sign Language Conversation ClimateChat-300K: A Multi-Modal Facebook Dataset for Understanding Diverse Perspectives in Climate Communication AraHopeCorpus: Annotation Guidelines and Dataset for Hope Speech in Arabic Social Media Crisis Discourse Human-in-the-Loop Multi-Agent Ventilator Decision Support with Contextual Bandit Preference Learning Convergence Without Understanding: When Language Models Agree on Representations but Disagree on Reasoning DART: Semantic Recoverability for Structured Tool Agents Ontological Knowledge Blocks: Executable Compliance and Profile-Based Validation for Trustworthy AI Systems Parallel Context Compaction for Long-Horizon LLM Agent Serving
Hera: Learning Long-Horizon Coordination for Device-Cloud...
Yuxin Zhang, Mengxue Hu, Zheng Lin, Xiaoyi Fan, Fan Xie, Zihan F · 2026-05-23 · via cs updates on arXiv.org

Large language model (LLM) agents excel at solving complex long-horizon tasks through autonomous interaction with environments. However, their real-world deployment faces a fundamental device--cloud dilemma: on-device models are efficient but often brittle, while cloud models are stronger but costly in computation. State-of-the-art LLM device--cloud routers usually make coarse task-level decisions, which cannot adapt to the changing difficulty of multi-step agent interactions. To address this issue, we present Hera, a step-level device--cloud LLM agent coordinator for long-horizon tasks achieving a strong performance--cost Pareto frontier. Hera adopts a novel two-stage training paradigm: (1) imitation learning for cold-start, followed by (2) reinforcement learning that jointly optimizes task success and cloud usage efficiency. The first stage casts step-level routing as a supervised classification problem: the device agent is replayed on cloud trajectories, with each state labeled by the agreement between device and cloud actions. In the second stage, we perform cost-aware reinforcement learning by grouping identical states across trajectories and updating Hera with labels favoring higher expected return and fewer future cloud calls. We evaluate Hera on ALFWorld, WebShop, and AppWorld, where it consistently outperforms prior methods, achieving 92.5% of the cloud-only success rate with cloud use in only 46.3% of steps.