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cs.CV updates on arXiv.org

ClawGUI: A Unified Framework for Training, Evaluating, and Deploying GUI Agents On the Robustness of Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generation Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model From Redaction to Restoration: Deep Learning for Medical Image Anonymization and Reconstruction The Salami Slicing Threat: Exploiting Cumulative Risks in LLM Systems BoxTuning: Directly Injecting the Object Box for Multimodal Model Fine-Tuning Semantic-Geometric Dual Compression: Training-Free Visual Token Reduction for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding Lightweight Low-Light Image Enhancement via Distribution-Normalizing Preprocessing and Depthwise U-Net Back to the Barn with LLAMAs: Evolving Pretrained LLM Backbones in Finetuning Vision Language Models Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Evaluating the Impact of Medical Image Reconstruction on Downstream AI Fairness and Performance Retinal Cyst Detection from Optical Coherence Tomography Images LoViF 2026 The First Challenge on Weather Removal in Videos STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos Data-Efficient Surgical Phase Segmentation in Small-Incision Cataract Surgery: A Controlled Study of Vision Foundation Models Rethinking the Diffusion Model from a Langevin Perspective Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners Edu-MMBias: A Three-Tier Multimodal Benchmark for Auditing Social Bias in Vision-Language Models under Educational Contexts VGA-Bench: A Unified Benchmark and Multi-Model Framework for Video Aesthetics and Generation Quality Evaluation Degradation-Consistent Paired Training for Robust AI-Generated Image Detection FREE-Switch: Frequency-based Dynamic LoRA Switch for Style Transfer Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models FlowPalm: Optical Flow Driven Non-Rigid Deformation for Geometrically Diverse Palmprint Generation Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models I Walk the Line: Examining the Role of Gestalt Continuity in Object Binding for Vision Transformers GLEaN: A Text-to-image Bias Detection Approach for Public Comprehension From UAV Imagery to Agronomic Reasoning: A Multimodal LLM Benchmark for Plant Phenotyping Not Your Stereo-Typical Estimator: Combining Vision and Language for Volume Perception
Revisiting the Scale Loss Function and Gaussian-Shape Con...
Hao Li, Man Fung Zhuo · 2026-04-11 · via cs.CV updates on arXiv.org

Infrared small target detection still faces two persistent challenges: training instability from non-monotonic scale loss functions, and inadequate spatial attention due to generic convolution kernels that ignore the physical imaging characteristics of small targets. In this paper, we revisit both aspects. For the loss side, we propose a \emph{diff-based scale loss} that weights predictions according to the signed area difference between the predicted mask and the ground truth, yielding strictly monotonic gradients and stable convergence. We further analyze a family of four scale loss variants to understand how their geometric properties affect detection behavior. For the spatial side, we introduce \emph{Gaussian-shaped convolution} with a learnable scale parameter to match the center-concentrated intensity profile of infrared small targets, and augment it with a \emph{rotated pinwheel mask} that adaptively aligns the kernel with target orientation via a straight-through estimator. Extensive experiments on IRSTD-1k, NUDT-SIRST, and SIRST-UAVB demonstrate consistent improvements in $mIoU$, $P_d$, and $F_a$ over state-of-the-art methods. We release our anonymous code and pretrained models.