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Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
SPOT: Span-level Pause-of-Thought for Efficient and Inter...
Yunlong Chu, Minglai Shao, Yuhang Liu, Bing Hao, Yumeng Lin, Jia · 2026-03-06 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step pruning, they largely truncate what the model says rather than internalize what the model thinks. Latent reasoning offers a promising alternative by performing computation in the hidden space, yet prior methods face two critical challenges. Many existing approaches rely on rigid point-to-point alignment, forcing a latent token to approximate the final representation of a reasoning step, which can be insufficient to capture the dense, variable-length semantics of an entire reasoning segment. Furthermore, these methods often suffer from a lack of interpretability: latent states are commonly produced by unconstrained optimization or embedding mixing, yielding vectors that are difficult to decode or audit under the pretrained language head. We propose SPOT, a flexible framework that compresses explicit CoT into compact latent pause tokens without enforcing a fixed response template. At the core of SPOT is Span-level Semantic Alignment, a Sinkhorn optimal-transport objective that softly matches each pause token to the semantics of an entire reasoning segment, overcoming the rigidity of step-end alignment. To further improve interpretability, SPOT introduces a Frozen-Head Decoding Constraint that keeps latent states directly decodable as token distributions under the frozen pretrained LM head, enabling readable keyword interpretations of latent thoughts. Experiments on reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that SPOT improves accuracy by 2.3 points on average while reducing generated tokens by 37.5% and provides faithful semantic interpretations of the latent reasoning process.