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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Reconstructing Ultrametric Trees from Noisy Experiments
Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran, Anindya De, Sampath Kannan · 2022-06-16 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

The problem of reconstructing evolutionary trees or phylogenies is of great interest in computational biology. A popular model for this problem assumes that we are given the set of leaves (current species) of an unknown binary tree and the results of `experiments' on triples of leaves (a,b,c), which return the pair with the deepest least common ancestor. If the tree is assumed to be an ultrametric (i.e., all root-leaf paths have the same length), the experiment can be equivalently seen to return the closest pair of leaves. In this model, efficient algorithms are known for tree reconstruction. In reality, since the data on which these `experiments' are run is itself generated by the stochastic process of evolution, these experiments are noisy. In all reasonable models of evolution, if the branches leading to the leaves in a triple separate from each other at common ancestors that are very close to each other in the tree, the result of the experiment should be close to uniformly random. Motivated by this, we consider a model where the noise on any triple is just dependent on the three pairwise distances (referred to as distance based noise). Our results are the following: 1. Suppose the length of every edge in the unknown tree is at least $\tilde{O}(\frac{1}{\sqrt n})$ fraction of the length of a root-leaf path. Then, we give an efficient algorithm to reconstruct the topology of the tree for a broad family of distance-based noise models. Further, we show that if the edges are asymptotically shorter, then topology reconstruction is information-theoretically impossible. 2. Further, for a specific distance-based noise model--which we refer to as the homogeneous noise model--we show that the edge weights can also be approximately reconstructed under the same quantitative lower bound on the edge lengths.