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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Adaptive Multi-Round Allocation with Stochastic Arrivals The tractability landscape of diffusion alignment: regularization, rewards, and computational primitives Mistake-Bounded Language Generation Positional LSH: Binary Block Matrix Approximation for Attention with Linear Biases Learning-Augmented Scalable Linear Assignment Problem Optimization via Neural Dual Warm-Starts A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Curvature Beyond Positivity: Greedy Guarantees for Arbitrary Submodular Functions Convex Optimization with Nested Evolving Feasible Sets On the Complexity of the Matching Problem of Regular Expressions with Backreferences Simple KNN-Based Outlier Detection Achieves Robust Clustering Online Allocation with Unknown Shared Supply Equivalence of Coarse and Fine-Grained Models for Learning with Distribution Shift Accelerated Relax-and-Round for Concave Coverage Problems Contrastive Identification and Generation in the Limit Quantizing With Randomized Hadamard Transforms: Efficient Heuristic Now Proven Nearly Optimal Attention Coresets On Computing Total Variation Distance Between Mixtures of Product Distributions Exact and Approximate Algorithms for Polytree Learning Provable Accuracy Collapse in Embedding-Based Representations under Dimensionality Mismatch New Bounds for Kernel Sums via Fast Spherical Embeddings Unlearning Offline Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits Matroid Algorithms Under Size-Sensitive Independence Oracles On the Learning Curves of Revenue Maximization Asymptotically Robust Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Preemptive FIFO Buffer Management Flashback: A Reversible Bilateral Run-Peeling Decomposition of Strings Incremental Strongly Connected Components with Predictions Characterizing Admissible Objective Functions for Hierarchical Clustering Well-Conditioned Oblivious Perturbations in Linear Space Mathematical Foundations for Peer-to-Peer Lattice Computation Graph Neural Network-Informed Predictive Flows for Faster Ford-Fulkerson and PAC-Learnability A weighted angle distance on strings Towards Universal Convergence of Backward Error in Linear System Solvers Constant-Factor Approximations for Doubly Constrained Fair k-Center, k-Median and k-Means Tight Bounds for Learning Polyhedra with a Margin Efficiency of Proportional Mechanisms in Online Auto-Bidding Advertising Skyline-First Traversal as a Control Mechanism for Multi-Criteria Graph Search Constant-Factor Approximation for the Uniform Decision Tree Limited Perfect Monotonical Surrogates constructed using low-cost recursive linkage discovery with guaranteed output Query Lower Bounds for Diffusion Sampling Early Pruning for Public Transport Routing Adapting Dijkstra for Buffers and Unlimited Transfers Exploiting Low-Rank Structure in Max-K-Cut Problems Partial Optimality in the Preordering Problem High-accuracy log-concave sampling with stochastic queries Learning to Approximate Uniform Facility Location via Graph Neural Networks Linear Regression with Unknown Truncation Beyond Gaussian Features Adaptive Power Iteration Method for Differentially Private PCA Finite and Corruption-Robust Regret Bounds in Online Inverse Linear Optimization under M-Convex Action Sets Learning Mixture Models via Efficient High-dimensional Sparse Fourier Transforms Variance Computation for Weighted Model Counting with Knowledge Compilation Approach Deterministic Coreset for Lp Subspace Online Algorithms for Repeated Optimal Stopping: Balancing Baseline Guarantees and Regret Learned Static Function Data Structures Optimal hypersurface decision trees A Perfectly Truthful Calibration Measure The Geometry of LLM Quantization: GPTQ as Babai's Nearest Plane Algorithm Best Agent Identification for General Game Playing A Faster Generalized Two-Stage Approximate Top-K Fast and Simple Densest Subgraph with Predictions Smoothed Analysis of Learning from Positive Samples Ineffectiveness for Search and Undecidability of PCSP Meta-Problems Sample-Efficient Optimization over Generative Priors via Coarse Learnability Efficient distributional regression trees learning algorithms for calibrated non-parametric probabilistic forecasts Testing Noise Assumptions of Learning Algorithms Testing Support Size More Efficiently Than Learning Histograms Sharper Bounds for Chebyshev Moment Matching, with Applications Expander Hierarchies for Normalized Cuts on Graphs Multilayer Correlation Clustering Efficient Parameter Estimation of Truncated Boolean Product Distributions Faster Hamiltonian Monte Carlo by Learning Leapfrog Scale: a self-calibrated randomized solution
Winning the War by (Strategically) Losing Battles: Settling the Complexity of Grundy-Values in Undirected Geography
Kyle Burke, Matthew Ferland, Shanghua Teng · 2021-06-04 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We settle two long-standing complexity-theoretical questions-open since 1981 and 1993-in combinatorial game theory (CGT). We prove that the Grundy value (a.k.a. nim-value, or nimber) of Undirected Geography is PSPACE-complete to compute. This exhibits a stark contrast with a result from 1993 that Undirected Geography is polynomial-time solvable. By distilling to a simple reduction, our proof further establishes a dichotomy theorem, providing a "phase transition to intractability" in Grundy-value computation, sharply characterized by a maximum degree of four: The Grundy value of Undirected Geography over any degree-three graph is polynomial-time computable, but over degree-four graphs-even when planar and bipartite-is PSPACE-hard. Additionally, we show, for the first time, how to construct Undirected Geography instances with Grundy value $\ast n$ and size polynomial in n. We strengthen a result from 1981 showing that sums of tractable partisan games are PSPACE-complete in two fundamental ways. First, since Undirected Geography is an impartial ruleset, we extend the hardness of sums to impartial games, a strict subset of partisan. Second, the 1981 construction is not built from a natural ruleset, instead using a long sum of tailored short-depth game positions. We use the sum of two Undirected Geography positions to create our hard instances. Our result also has computational implications to Sprague-Grundy Theory (1930s) which shows that the Grundy value of the disjunctive sum of any two impartial games can be computed-in polynomial time-from their Grundy values. In contrast, we prove that assuming PSPACE $\neq$ P, there is no general polynomial-time method to summarize two polynomial-time solvable impartial games to efficiently solve their disjunctive sum.