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PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Bias Reduction for Sum Estimation
Talya Eden, Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen, Shyam Narayanan, Will Rosenbau · 2022-08-02 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

In classical statistics and distribution testing, it is often assumed that elements can be sampled from some distribution $P$, and that when an element $x$ is sampled, the probability $P$ of sampling $x$ is also known. Recent work in distribution testing has shown that many algorithms are robust in the sense that they still produce correct output if the elements are drawn from any distribution $Q$ that is sufficiently close to $P$. This phenomenon raises interesting questions: under what conditions is a "noisy" distribution $Q$ sufficient, and what is the algorithmic cost of coping with this noise? We investigate these questions for the problem of estimating the sum of a multiset of $N$ real values $x_1, \ldots, x_N$. This problem is well-studied in the statistical literature in the case $P = Q$, where the Hansen-Hurwitz estimator is frequently used. We assume that for some known distribution $P$, values are sampled from a distribution $Q$ that is pointwise close to $P$. For every positive integer $k$ we define an estimator $ζ_k$ for $μ= \sum_i x_i$ whose bias is proportional to $γ^k$ (where our $ζ_1$ reduces to the classical Hansen-Hurwitz estimator). As a special case, we show that if $Q$ is pointwise $γ$-close to uniform and all $x_i \in \{0, 1\}$, for any $ε> 0$, we can estimate $μ$ to within additive error $εN$ using $m = Θ({N^{1-\frac{1}{k}} / ε^{2/k}})$ samples, where $k = \left\lceil (\log ε)/(\log γ)\right\rceil$. We show that this sample complexity is essentially optimal. Our bounds show that the sample complexity need not vary uniformly with the desired error parameter $ε$: for some values of $ε$, perturbations in its value have no asymptotic effect on the sample complexity, while for other values, any decrease in its value results in an asymptotically larger sample complexity.