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cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

PAC Learning with Bandit Feedback: Sharp Sample Complexity in the Realizable Setting Algorithms with Polynomially-Improved Approximation Factors for the $2 \rightarrow q$ Norm, and Applications A computational phase transition for learning-to-sample from Ising models Covering vertices by sequential stars Fermi-Dirac machines as quantizations of neurons A Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertex Elimination Algorithms for Algorithmic Differentiation A Tight Bound on Localization of Electrical Flows Optimal Dimension-Free Sampling for Regularized Classification Reducing the Randomness in Partition Oracles for Bounded Degree Minor-Free Graphs Beyond the Half-Approximation: Fair and Efficient Online Class Matching Efficient Uniform Sampling of Surjections via their Profiles Tractable Maximization of Budgeted Phylogenetic Diversity on Networks Utilizing Node Scanwidth Fairness in Aggregation: Optimal Top-$k$ and Improved Full Ranking Learning-Augmented Online Scheduling with Parsimonious Preemption Entropy Equivalence Testing Lumberjack: Better Differentially Private Random Forests through Heavy Hitter Detection in Trees The Secretary Problem with a Stochastic Precursor Polynomial-Time Robust Multiclass Linear Classification under Gaussian Marginals Efficient Banzhaf-Based Data Valuation for $k$-Nearest Neighbors Classification Block-Sphere Vector Quantization An Approximation Algorithm for Graph Label Selection Iterative Chow Filtering for Learning with Distribution Shift Complexity of Non-Log-Concave Sampling in Fisher Information Stochastic Matching via Local Sparsification Finite Sample Bounds for Learning with Score Matching What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Provable Quantization with Randomized Hadamard Transform Min-Max Optimization Requires Exponentially Many Queries Fast and Compact Graph Cuts for the Boykov-Kolmogorov Algorithm A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling
Kruskal-EDS: Edge Dynamic Stratification
2026-03-02 · via cs.DS updates on arXiv.org

We introduce \textbf{Kruskal-EDS} (\emph{Edge Dynamic Stratification}), a distribution-adaptive variant of Kruskal's minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm that replaces the mandatory $Θ(m\log m)$ global sort with a three-phase procedure inspired by Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. In Phase 1, a sample of $\sqrt{m}$ edges estimates the weight distribution in $Θ(\sqrt{m}\log m)$ time. In Phase 2, all $m$ edges are assigned to $k$ strata in $Θ(m\log k)$ time via binary search on quantile boundaries -- no global sort. In Phase 3, strata are sorted and processed in order; execution halts as soon as $n{-}1$ MST edges are accepted. We prove an effective complexity of $Θ(m + p\cdot(m/k)\log(m/k))$, where $p \leq k$ is the number of strata actually processed. On sparse graphs or heavy-tailed weight distributions, $p \ll k$ and the algorithm achieves near-$Θ(m)$ behaviour. We further derive the optimal strata count $k^* = \lceil\sqrt{m/\ln(m+1)}\,\rceil$, balancing partition overhead against intra-stratum sort cost. An extensive benchmark on 14 graph families demonstrates correctness on 12 test cases and practical speedups reaching $\mathbf{10\times}$ in wall-clock time and $\mathbf{33\times}$ in sort operations over standard Kruskal. A 3-dimensional TikZ visualisation of the complexity landscape illustrates the algorithm's adaptive behaviour as a function of graph density and weight distribution skewness.