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目录

Web - Automation Testing

Hints

• Make your test FAIL AT BEGINNING. Otherwise it may not work properly as you thought.
• (For UI Test) Test the feature like a user instead of a developer. We don’t need to test the implementation details.
• Only write test for current layer, do not drill down, we can create another test case to cover deeper layers/components
• Do not include more dependencies if you can do it with Vanilla JS + Jest + Mock
• All unit tests should be able to run WITHOUT NETWORK. Disable your network and run it to make sure no request sent.
  • You can print log in HTTP module to check if any request are sent
• Run unit tests in PR pipeline and run integration tests (+E2E tests) on deploy pipeline.
• Modularization: Input and output should be clear for a module, which could be more testing-friendly
• Try to use hardcoded string on testing, if the constant variables changed, the test case will find the change and notify you
• Try to write new feature together with test case (or follow the TDD pattern from start of your project)

Best Practice

Commands

Purpose	Command	Comment
Run single test file	npx jest src\folder\yourComponent1.test.js	Find the file first
Run single test case by case name (Recommended)	npx jest -t='keyword' --watch	Provide a keyword and run test with keyword

Debug

• screen.debug():
  • Prints the HTML to CLI, usually it will only print part of the content, you can set the env var to show more: DEBUG_PRINT_LIMIT=20000. Or you can set the env var in test cases: process.env.DEBUG_PRINT_LIMIT = 20000;
• screen.logTestingPlaygroundURL():
  • Generate an URL powered by testing playground, you can open the url within browser.
  • Note that theme provider may not work
• it.only/describe.only to run only single test case/suite

UI Testing

https://kentcdodds.com/blog/common-mistakes-with-react-testing-library

Wait For Appearance

Usually used for feature with animation or loading indicator.

• WaitFor must return an boolean
• Remember to add await before WaitFor, otherwise it may not work
• Animation can be tests with waitFor + timeout

RTL

1. Testing Library Query Priority
2. Types of Queries
3. Appearance and Disappearance
4. Use title case for test ID (data-testid="This-Is-A-Test-Id")

JEST

1. jest.mock will be hoist to the top so mocking is used for whole file. We can use jest.spyOn to mock the implementation on each test case.
2. jest.mock will ignore the original behaviour but jest.spyOn won’t. We can use both to check if certain function have been called.
3. Put spyOn on the top of each test case, especially before the render()
4. When create new test:
   • Check if we can mock the input or implementation
   • Is this module too big? Can we split it into smaller modules and write test for each?

Dev - Jest Cheatsheet

Manual Mocks

https://jestjs.io/docs/manual-mocks#mocking-user-modules

• Mocking user modules:
  1. __mocks__/module.js subdirectory immediately adjacent to the module
  2. Add jest.mock('./moduleName') at top of the test
• Mocking node modules:
  1. __mocks__/module.js at ROOT path
  2. NO need to call jest.mock explicitly, it will be mocked automatically

Partially Mock

https://jestjs.io/docs/mock-functions#mocking-partials

SpyOn would be more convenient to do the mock.

Spy and Mock

/* import all */
import * as RequestUtils from 'src/utils';

/* DO NOT DO THIS */
// import RequestUtils from 'src/utils'; 

jest.spyOn(RequestUtils, 'requestUtil').mockImplementationOnce(() => {
  return Promise.reject('mocked error');
})

Another example:

import { createChannel, createClient } from "nice-grpc";
const foo = { createChannel, createClient };

jest.spyOn(foo, "createClient").mockReturnValue({});
jest.spyOn(foo, "createChannel").mockReturnValue({});

React Testing Library

Basic Test

import React from "react";
import { render } from "@testing-library/react";
import { FixedButton } from "src/components/button";

describe("Button Component", () => {
  it("should renders correctly", () => {
    const { container } = render(<FixedButton />);
    expect(container).not.toBeUndefined();
    expect(container).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

Nested Query

const title = await findByRole('heading', { name: /search results/i });
expect(await title).toBeVisible();
within(title).findByRole('progressbar');

(?) Mock a React Hook

import { useData } from "src/hooks";

/* required to set mockdata into a variable with name pattern "mock*" */
const mockData = {
  data: 123456
}

jest.mock("src/hooks", () => ({
  useData: jest.fn(),
}));

describe('Test for the mock data', () => {
  it('should return mocked data', () => {
    (useData as any).mockReturnValue(mockData);
    /* assertions */
  })

})

Mock Component

Named Export

jest.mock(
  "src/NativeCommentBox",
  () => ({
    /* make sure for the correct export name */
    NativeCommentContainer: () => (
      <span data-testid={nativeCommentContainerTestId}>children</span>
    ),
  })
);

Default Export

jest.mock("react-markdown", () => ({
  default: () => <>children</>,
}));

Troubleshoot

Test case are skiped

Delete .only()

State are shared between tests

Similar Scenario:

• Testing are fail on second test.
• Testing fails randomly

Potentially you are import the component with providers.

Try to write a renderer function with isolated providers.

export const renderWithState = (
  component,
  { initialState, ...renderOptions } = {}
) => {
  const initialStore = getInitialStore(initialState);
  const Wrapper = ({ children }) => {
    return (
      <StoreProvider store={initialStore}>
        <OtherProvider>
          {children}
        </OtherProvider>
      </StoreProvider>
    );
  };

  return render(component, { wrapper: Wrapper, ...renderOptions });
};

Important Note: Custom renderer with Providers

const { container } = renderer(
  <MyComponent />
);

expect(container).not.toBeNull(); /* This works */

const { container, getByRole } = renderWithState( /* renderWithState may render 'MyComponent' with Providers  */
  <MyComponent />
);

/* Potentially this will be always true because we have wrap 'MyComponent' with Providers */
expect(container).not.toBeNull(); 


/* Try to do other assertions on the elements within container instead of just check container */

Jest Hints

jest.mock() hoists mocks to the top of your module’s scope

TypeError: Expected container to be an Element, a Document or a DocumentFragment but got string

import {
  fireEvent, 
  queryByRole,   /* DO NOT DO THIS */
  render, 
  waitFor
} from '@testing-library/react';

const {
  container, queryByRole  /* DO THIS */
} = render(<App />);

data-testid shows in React Dev Tools but not in Element Tab

Prevent to put the data-testid to custom components.

Otherwise we need to pass the data-testid to children components explicitly. ß

const Panel = ({
  attr1,
  attr2 
  ...rest
}) => {
  return (
    <PanelHeader
      attr1={attr1}
      attr2={attr2}
      {...rest}
    >
  )
}

When testing, code that causes React state updates should be wrapped into act(…)

https://davidwcai.medium.com/react-testing-library-and-the-not-wrapped-in-act-errors-491a5629193b

Warning: You seem to have overlapping act() calls, this is not supported. Be sure to await previous act() calls before making a new one.

This is usually same request happend in same period.

Check if you forget to add ‘await’ before find* or waitFor

Jest.SpyOn.Mock doesn’t work

SpyOn and should write before the render.

References

• testing-library-docs/learning.mdx
• Core API
• Appearance and Disappearance
• react-dom