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void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
            if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
                int temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                arr[j + 1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

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void selectionSort(int arr[], int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        int minIndex = i;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            if (arr[j] < arr[minIndex]) {
                minIndex = j;
            }
        }
        int temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[minIndex];
        arr[minIndex] = temp;
    }
}

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void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) {
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        int key = arr[i];
        int j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
            j--;
        }
        arr[j + 1] = key;
    }
}

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void merge(int arr[], int left[], int leftSize, int right[], int rightSize) {
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
    while (i < leftSize && j < rightSize) {
        if (left[i] < right[j]) {
            arr[k++] = left[i++];
        } else {
            arr[k++] = right[j++];
        }
    }
    while (i < leftSize) {
        arr[k++] = left[i++];
    }
    while (j < rightSize) {
        arr[k++] = right[j++];
    }
}

void mergeSort(int arr[], int n) {
    if (n < 2) return;
    int mid = n / 2;
    int left[mid];
    int right[n - mid];
    for (int i = 0; i < mid; i++) {
        left[i] = arr[i];
    }
    for (int i = mid; i < n; i++) {
        right[i - mid] = arr[i];
    }
    mergeSort(left, mid);
    mergeSort(right, n - mid);
    merge(arr, left, mid, right, n - mid);
}

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int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    int pivot = arr[high];
    int i = low - 1;
    for (int j = low; j <= high - 1; j++) {
        if (arr[j] < pivot) {
            i++;
            int temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[j];
            arr[j] = temp;
        }
    }
    int temp = arr[i + 1];
    arr[i + 1] = arr[high];
    arr[high] = temp;
    return i + 1;
}

void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    if (low < high) {
        int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
        quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);
        quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
    }
}

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void shellSort(int arr[], int n) {
    for (int gap = n / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2) {
        for (int i = gap; i < n; i++) {
            int temp = arr[i];
            int j;
            for (j = i; j >= gap && arr[j - gap] > temp; j -= gap) {
                arr[j] = arr[j - gap];
            }
            arr[j] = temp;
        }
    }
}

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void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i) {
    int largest = i;
    int left = 2 * i + 1;
    int right = 2 * i + 2;
    if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
        largest = left;
    }
    if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
        largest = right;
    }
    if (largest != i) {
        int temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[largest];
        arr[largest] = temp;
        heapify(arr, n, largest);
    }
}

void heapSort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
heapify(arr, n, i);
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
int temp = arr[0];
arr[0] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}

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void countingSort(int arr[], int n, int maxValue) {
    int counts[maxValue + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i <= maxValue; i++) {
        counts[i] = 0;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        counts[arr[i]]++;
    }
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i <= maxValue; i++) {
        while (counts[i]-- > 0) {
            arr[j++] = i;
        }
    }
}