Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as analyst assistants in security operations centers (SOCs), where they ingest log and alert data to produce triage labels, incident summaries, or remediation advice. We study a structural failure mode of this design: many log fields are attacker controlled. User agents, URLs, payloads, DNS queries, and attempted usernames can therefore carry instructions to the model alongside evidence of the intrusion. We call this setting \emph{log-substrate prompt injection}. We introduce a four-class taxonomy of log-substrate attacks: direct override (S1), persona hijack (S2), context manipulation (S3), and obfuscated payloads (S4). We evaluate 48 strategy-defense-task combinations using \texttt{gpt-4o-mini} as the analyst. Three findings stand out. First, direct overrides are ineffective in our setting: all S1 classification attacks achieve 0\% suppression. In contrast, persona hijacks suppress 68\% of malicious logs under a naive classifier and remain effective under stronger defenses. Second, summarization is the highest-risk task: context manipulation reaches 96\% injection success without defenses and 38\% even with constrained output. Third, defenses reduce but do not eliminate the attack surface: average injection success falls from 26.6\% under naive prompting to 11.8\% under our strongest defense. We also compare empirical results to a deterministic mock analyst and find that simulation substantially mispredicts current model behavior, especially for direct overrides. These results suggest that SOC copilots should treat raw log content as adversarial input rather than ordinary analyst context.
| Comments: | 10 pages |
| Subjects: | Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Machine Learning (cs.LG) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2605.24421 [cs.CR] |
| (or arXiv:2605.24421v1 [cs.CR] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.24421 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) |
From: Rohan Pandey [view email]
[v1]
Sat, 23 May 2026 06:21:10 UTC (11 KB)
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