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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
TORQ: Two-Level Orthogonal Rotation for MXFP4 Quantization
Zukang Xu, Xing Hu, Dawei Yang · 2026-05-19 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance toward practical deployment, the Microscaling FP4 (MXFP4) format has emerged as a cornerstone for next-generation low-bit inference, owing to its ability to balance high dynamic range with hardware efficiency. However, directly applying MXFP4 to LLM activation quantization inevitably leads to significant accuracy degradation. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the error structure of MXFP4 activation quantization, revealing that the root cause of this performance drop lies in two structural imbalances between activation distributions and the MXFP4 block floating-point format: (1) extreme inter-block variance imbalance and (2) intra-block codebook utilization imbalance. To address these challenges, we propose TORQ (Two-level Orthogonal Rotation for MXFP4 Quantization), a training-free Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) framework designed to reshape the geometric properties of the activation space through optimal coordinate transformations. At the macroscopic level, TORQ leverages the Schur-Horn theorem to redistribute activation energy via inter-block orthogonal rotation, preventing high-variance blocks from driving up shared scaling factors and thereby preserving the precision of small-magnitude elements. At the microscopic level, TORQ employs maximum-entropy-guided intra-block rotation to alleviate codebook collapse and maximize the MXFP4 codebook's information capacity. Experiments on mainstream LLMs such as LLaMA3 and Qwen3 show that TORQ significantly improves the accuracy of MXFP4 activation quantization compared to existing methods: on Qwen3-32B, the perplexity on WikiText is reduced to 8.43 (vs. 7.61 for BF16), and the average accuracy increases from 38.40% with direct RTN to 73.63% (vs. 74.82% for BF16), substantially narrowing the gap between 4-bit floating-point quantization and full-precision inference.