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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
COOL-MC: Verifying and Explaining RL Policies for Platele...
Dennis Gross · 2026-03-03 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Platelets expire within five days. Blood banks face uncertain daily demand and must balance ordering decisions between costly wastage from overstocking and life-threatening shortages from understocking. Reinforcement learning (RL) can learn effective ordering policies for this Markov decision process (MDP), but the resulting neural policies remain black boxes, hindering trust and adoption in safety-critical domains. We apply COOL-MC, a tool that combines RL with probabilistic model checking and explainable RL, to verify and explain a trained policy for the MDP on platelet inventory management inspired by Haijema et al. By constructing a policy-induced discrete-time Markov chain (which includes only the reachable states under the trained policy to reduce memory usage), we verify PCTL properties and provide feature-level explanations. Results show that the trained policy achieves a 2.9% stockout probability and a 1.1% inventory-full (potential wastage) probability within a 200-step horizon, primarily attends to the age distribution of inventory rather than other features such as day of week or pending orders. Action reachability analysis reveals that the policy employs a diverse replenishment strategy, with most order quantities reached quickly, while several are never selected. Counterfactual analysis shows that replacing medium-large orders with smaller ones leaves both safety probabilities nearly unchanged, indicating that these orders are placed in well-buffered inventory states. This first formal verification and explanation of an RL platelet inventory management policy demonstrates COOL-MC's value for transparent, auditable decision-making in safety-critical healthcare supply chain domains.