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Generating High Quality Synthetic Data for Dutch Medical Conversations GIANTS: Generative Insight Anticipation from Scientific Literature Should We be Pedantic About Reasoning Errors in Machine Translation? Computational Implementation of a Model of Category-Theoretic Metaphor Comprehension CoSToM:Causal-oriented Steering for Intrinsic Theory-of-Mind Alignment in Large Language Models ASPIRin: Action Space Projection for Interactivity-Optimized Reinforcement Learning in Full-Duplex Speech Language Models CircuitSynth: Reliable Synthetic Data Generation Think in Sentences: Explicit Sentence Boundaries Enhance Language Model's Capabilities CodaRAG: Connecting the Dots with Associativity Inspired by Complementary Learning From Query to Counsel: Structured Reasoning with a Multi-Agent Framework and Dataset for Legal Consultation ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? 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Optimizing LLM Inference: Fluid-Guided Online Scheduling with Memory Constraints
Ruicheng Ao, Gan Luo, David Simchi-Levi, Xinshang Wang · 2025-04-16 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Large language models now serve millions of users daily, with providers incurring costs exceeding $700,000 per day. Each request requires token-by-token inference, making GPU scheduling central to latency, capacity, and cost. The difficulty is endogenous memory growth: generated tokens expand the Key-Value (KV) cache, and overflow can evict in-progress requests and waste prior computation. We formulate inference as a multi-stage online scheduling problem with endogenous memory growth, linear iteration times, and GPU-resident KV-cache constraints. We introduce a fluid model that characterizes equilibrium batch composition, memory requirement, and stability region. Guided by the fluid model, we design WAIT (Waiting for Accumulated Inference Threshold), a threshold-based admission rule for known output lengths, and Nested WAIT, which extends the rule to unknown output lengths by regulating how requests advance across decode-stage segments. Both algorithms approximate the fluid benchmark asymptotically under the stated memory conditions. Nested WAIT uses an additional safety buffer of moderate scale to hedge against memory-overflow-induced evictions under unknown output lengths. In Vidur simulations configured for Llama-2-7B on an A100 GPU, with supplemental real-GPU validation reported in the appendix, the policies enlarge the empirically observed stable operating range relative to widely used baseline algorithms and reduce latency especially in near-overloaded and overloaded regimes.