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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Accelerating Birkhoff Projection for Manifold-Constrained...
Chenrui Wang, Yixuan Qiu · 2026-05-26 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Manifold-constrained hyper-connections (mHCs) have recently been proposed as a principled extension of hyper-connections, where the residual mixing matrices are constrained to be doubly stochastic via projection onto the Birkhoff polytope. In practical mHC implementations, this constraint is enforced by Sinkhorn-Knopp iterations, and the backward pass relies on unrolling the iterative solver. This design introduces substantial computation and memory overhead, and may also yield inaccurate projections when the algorithm converges slowly on challenging inputs, undermining the intended norm-control and stability guarantees of mHCs. In this work, we focus on the practically important 4x4 Birkhoff projection setting and develop an end-to-end acceleration framework. By leveraging the dual formulation, we reduce the problem to a three-dimensional unconstrained convex problem and solve it with Newton's method, achieving fast convergence and high accuracy. For the backward pass, we replace the unrolled differentiation with implicit differentiation, yielding exact gradients without storing intermediate states. To exploit massive parallelism, we design a warp-level CUDA kernel that uses only register-level primitives, avoiding global and shared memory I/O. Extensive experiments against representative open-source baselines demonstrate that the proposed solver yields substantially more reliable doubly stochastic projections -- especially when the input magnitude is large -- and achieves significant end-to-end speedups (including the backward pass), reaching over 20x acceleration at large batch sizes while maintaining orders of magnitude smaller marginal errors.