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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Dropout-GRPO: Variational Stochasticity for Continuous La...
Wooil Jung · 2026-06-09 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) relies on the diversity of $K$ rollouts within each group; otherwise, the group-mean advantage $A^{(k)} = r^{(k)} - μ_r$ collapses to zero. This presents a structural challenge for latent-reasoning models like Coconut, which feed continuous hidden states recurrently in place of discrete chain-of-thought tokens. Because the latent phase is inherently deterministic given the parameters and prompt, multiple rollouts produce identical trajectories, stalling GRPO's progress. Consequently, applying group-relative reinforcement learning to continuous latent reasoning has proven difficult. To address this, we propose sourcing the necessary stochasticity through structured dropout. By applying a single Bernoulli mask held constant across all latent recurrence steps for a given rollout, we generate essential trajectory variance. This shared mask effectively treats each rollout as a posterior sample from a variational distribution over parameters, allowing GRPO to optimize the expected reward of a Bayesian model-average policy. We provide both theoretical justification for this method -- including unbiasedness, variance reduction, and the well-definedness of the latent gradient -- and empirical validation. On GSM8K, dropout-GRPO improves a Coconut baseline from $27.29\%$ to $29.01\%$ pass@1, demonstrating the viability of GRPO learning for latent-reasoning models. Our work positions this as a practical, theoretically grounded approach for post-training latent-reasoning LLMs.