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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
A Compact and Efficient 1.251 Million Parameter Machine L...
Shkelqim Sherifi · 2026-04-13 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Deep learning has markedly advanced image based plant disease diagnosis as improved hardware and dataset quality have enabled increasingly accurate neural network models. This paper presents PD36 C, a compact convolutional neural network (1,250,694 parameters and 4.77 MB) for plant disease classification. Trained with TensorFlow Keras on the New Plant Diseases Dataset (87k images, 38 classes), PD36 C is designed for robustness and edge deployability, complemented by a Qt for Python desktop application that offers an intuitive GUI and offline inference on commodity hardware. Across experiments, training accuracy reached 0.99697 by epoch 30, and average test accuracy was 0.9953 across 38 classes. Per class performance is uniformly high; on the lower end, Corn (maize) Cercospora leaf spot achieved precision around 0.9777 and recall around 0.9634, indicating occasional confusion with visually similar categories, while on the upper end numerous classes including Apple Black rot, Cedar apple rust, Blueberry healthy, Cherry Powdery mildew, Cherry healthy, and all four grape categories achieved perfect precision 1.00 and recall of 1.00, indicating no false positives and strong coverage. These results show that with a well curated dataset and careful architectural design, small CNNs can achieve competitive accuracy compared with recent baselines while remaining practical for edge scenarios. We also note typical constraints such as adverse weather, low quality imagery, and leaves exhibiting multiple concurrent diseases that can degrade performance and warrant future work on domain robustness. Overall, PD36 C and its application pipeline contribute a field ready, efficient solution for AI assisted plant disease detection in smart agriculture.