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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
RAG-X: Systematic Diagnosis of Retrieval-Augmented Genera...
Aswini Sivakumar, Vijayan Sugumaran, Yao Qiang · 2026-03-04 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Automated question-answering (QA) systems increasingly rely on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground large language models (LLMs) in authoritative medical knowledge, ensuring clinical accuracy and patient safety in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for healthcare. Despite progress in RAG evaluation, current benchmarks focus only on simple multiple-choice QA tasks and employ metrics that poorly capture the semantic precision required for complex QA tasks. These approaches fail to diagnose whether an error stems from faulty retrieval or flawed generation, limiting developers from performing targeted improvement. To address this gap, we propose RAG-X, a diagnostic framework that evaluates the retriever and generator independently across a triad of QA tasks: information extraction, short-answer generation, and multiple-choice question (MCQ) answering. RAG-X introduces Context Utilization Efficiency (CUE) metrics to disaggregate system success into interpretable quadrants, isolating verified grounding from deceptive accuracy. Our experiments reveal an ``Accuracy Fallacy", where a 14\% gap separates perceived system success from evidence-based grounding. By surfacing hidden failure modes, RAG-X offers the diagnostic transparency needed for safe and verifiable clinical RAG systems.