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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Generating High Quality Synthetic Data for Dutch Medical Conversations GIANTS: Generative Insight Anticipation from Scientific Literature Should We be Pedantic About Reasoning Errors in Machine Translation? Computational Implementation of a Model of Category-Theoretic Metaphor Comprehension CoSToM:Causal-oriented Steering for Intrinsic Theory-of-Mind Alignment in Large Language Models ASPIRin: Action Space Projection for Interactivity-Optimized Reinforcement Learning in Full-Duplex Speech Language Models CircuitSynth: Reliable Synthetic Data Generation Think in Sentences: Explicit Sentence Boundaries Enhance Language Model's Capabilities CodaRAG: Connecting the Dots with Associativity Inspired by Complementary Learning From Query to Counsel: Structured Reasoning with a Multi-Agent Framework and Dataset for Legal Consultation ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind Legal2LogicICL: Improving Generalization in Transforming Legal Cases to Logical Formulas via Diverse Few-Shot Learning Evaluating Cooperation in LLM Social Groups through Elected Leadership Discourse Diversity in Multi-Turn Empathic Dialogue C-ReD: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for AI-Generated Text Detection Derived from Real-World Prompts General365: Benchmarking General Reasoning in Large Language Models Across Diverse and Challenging Tasks Seven simple steps for log analysis in AI systems LETGAMES: An LLM-Powered Gamified Approach to Cognitive Training for Patients with Cognitive Impairment Generative UI: LLMs are Effective UI Generators ACE-TA: An Agentic Teaching Assistant for Grounded Q&A, Quiz Generation, and Code Tutoring LABBench2: An Improved Benchmark for AI Systems Performing Biology Research DeepReviewer 2.0: A Traceable Agentic System for Auditable Scientific Peer Review CID-TKG: Collaborative Historical Invariance and Evolutionary Dynamics Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Unifying Ontology Construction and Semantic Alignment for Deterministic Enterprise Reasoning at Scale Digital hybridity and relics in cultural heritage: using corpus linguistics to inform design in emerging technologies from AI to VR LLM Nepotism in Organizational Governance Explainability and Certification of AI-Generated Educational Assessments How LLMs Might Think Assessing the Pedagogical Readiness of Large Language Models as AI Tutors in Low-Resource Contexts: A Case Study of Nepal's K-10 Curriculum CONSCIENTIA: Can LLM Agents Learn to Strategize? Emergent Deception and Trust in a Multi-Agent NYC Simulation Pioneer Agent: Continual Improvement of Small Language Models in Production COMPOSITE-Stem Instructing LLMs to Negotiate using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models From UAV Imagery to Agronomic Reasoning: A Multimodal LLM Benchmark for Plant Phenotyping SenBen: Sensitive Scene Graphs for Explainable Content Moderation Rays as Pixels: Learning A Joint Distribution of Videos and Camera Trajectories WOMBET: World Model-Based Experience Transfer for Robust and Sample-efficient Reinforcement Learning Semantic Intent Fragmentation: A Single-Shot Compositional Attack on Multi-Agent AI Pipelines ASTRA: Adaptive Semantic Tree Reasoning Architecture for Complex Table Question Answering Regime-Conditional Retrieval: Theory and a Transferable Router for Two-Hop QA An Adaptive Horizon-Aware Model Selection Framework for Demand Forecasting under Horizon-Induced Degradation SubQuad: Near-Quadratic-Free Structure Inference with Distribution-Balanced Objectives in Adaptive Receptor framework Re-Mask and Redirect: Exploiting Denoising Irreversibility in Diffusion Language Models QuanBench+: A Unified Multi-Framework Benchmark for LLM-Based Quantum Code Generation Accelerating Transformer-Based Monocular SLAM via Geometric Utility Scoring eBandit: Kernel-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Video Streaming Aligned Agents, Biased Swarm: Measuring Bias Amplification in Multi-Agent Systems Neural Distribution Prior for LiDAR Out-of-Distribution Detection Interactive ASR: Towards Human-Like Interaction and Semantic Coherence Evaluation for Agentic Speech Recognition Many-Tier Instruction Hierarchy in LLM Agents H-AdminSim: A Multi-Agent Simulator for Realistic Hospital Administrative Workflows with FHIR Integration Exploring Structural Complexity in Normative RAG with Graph-based approaches: A case study on the ETSI Standards MCERF: Advancing Multimodal LLM Evaluation of Engineering Documentation with Enhanced Retrieval AgencyBench: Benchmarking the Frontiers of Autonomous Agents in 1M-Token Real-World Contexts Reasoning Models Will Sometimes Lie About Their Reasoning Multi-agent Adaptive Mechanism Design Relational Visual Similarity From Navigation to Refinement: Revealing the Two-Stage Nature of Flow-based Diffusion Models through Oracle Velocity On-the-Fly Adaptation to Quantization: Configuration-Aware LoRA for Efficient Fine-Tuning of Quantized LLMs STCast: Adaptive Boundary Alignment for Global and Regional Weather Forecasting HCAST: Human-Calibrated Autonomy Software Tasks OmniPrism: Learning Disentangled Visual Concept for Image Generation
Quantized Evolution Strategies: High-precision Fine-tuning of Quantized LLMs at Low-precision Cost
Yinggan Xu, Risto Miikkulainen, Xin Qiu · 2026-02-03 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement Learning (RL), fundamentally rely on backpropagation and high-precision weights to compute gradients. Thus they cannot be used on quantized models, where the parameter space is discrete and non-differentiable. While Evolution Strategies (ES) offer a backpropagation-free alternative, optimization of the quantized parameters can still fail due to vanishing or inaccurate gradient. This paper introduces Quantized Evolution Strategies (QES), an optimization paradigm that performs full-parameter fine-tuning directly in the quantized space. QES is based on two innovations: (1) it integrates accumulated error feedback to preserve high-precision gradient signals, and (2) it utilizes a stateless seed replay to reduce memory usage to low-precision inference levels. QES significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art zeroth-order fine-tuning method on arithmetic reasoning tasks, making direct fine-tuning for quantized models possible. It therefore opens up the possibility for scaling up LLMs entirely in the quantized space. The source code is available at https://github.com/dibbla/Quantized-Evolution-Strategies .