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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Towards Generalization of Graph Neural Networks for AC Op...
Olayiwola Arowolo, Jochen L. Cremer · 2025-10-08 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) is computationally intensive for large-scale grids, often requiring prohibitive solution times with conventional solvers. Machine learning offers significant speedups, but existing models struggle with scalability and topology flexibility. To address these challenges, we propose a Hybrid Heterogeneous Message Passing Neural Network (HH-MPNN) that integrates a heterogeneous graph neural network (GNN) with a scalable transformer and physics-informed positional encodings. Our architecture explicitly models distinct power system components to capture local features while using global attention for long-range dependencies. Evaluated on diverse benchmarks, including PGLearn and GridFM-DataKit datasets, HH-MPNN achieves less than 1% optimality gap on default topologies across grid sizes from 14 to 2,000 buses. For N-1 contingencies, our approach demonstrates zero-shot N-1 generalization with less than 3% optimality gap on several test cases despite training only on default topologies. We further develop an approach that ensures robust N-1 generalization to high-impact contingencies through targeted augmentation of the training data, showing that exhaustive simulation is unnecessary for topologically flexible models. Finally, size generalization experiments demonstrate that pre-training on small grids significantly improves performance on large-scale systems. Achieving computational speedups of up to 5,000 times compared to interior point solvers, these results advance practical, generalizable machine learning for real-time power system operations.