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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
When and How Long? The Readout-Mediator Angle in Temporal...
Shreyas Fadnavis, Praitayini Kanakaraj, Felix Wyss · 2026-05-28 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

A linear probe can decode a representation almost perfectly and yet be completely irrelevant to how the model uses it. On calendar-date duration reasoning in language models, a $\sin$/$\cos$ probe recovers day-of-year from a layer's activations, yet ablating its direction has no effect on the model's answers -- while ablating a four-dimensional subspace found by Distributed Alignment Search (DAS) at the same layer collapses performance entirely. We measure the angle between these two subspaces -- the \emph{readout-mediator angle} -- and find it indistinguishable from the angle between two random subspaces (the Haar-uniform null), meaning the probe has learned a direction orthogonal to the model's actual computation. Reverse-engineering the circuit reveals why: attention heads route month-grained context through learned QK offsets at ${\pm}30$ and ${\pm}61$ days, and MLPs then convert \emph{when} (absolute date) into \emph{how long} (duration) -- all downstream of the causal subspace the probe never touches. Sparse-autoencoder decomposition confirms the split: probe-aligned and DAS-aligned features encode semantically disjoint concepts with negligible causal overlap. The dissociation replicates across four scales ($1.5$-$9\,$B) and two model families, with preliminary evidence on two further domains (spatial displacement, symbolic arithmetic), suggesting that readout-mediator orthogonality is a general failure mode of probe-based interpretability. This directly undermines proposals to deploy probes as runtime safety monitors: the probe can report high confidence on a direction the model has silently abandoned.