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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
How Trustworthy Are LLM-as-Judge Ratings for Interpretive...
Songhee Han, Jueun Shin, Jiyoon Han, Bung-Woo Jun, Hilal Ayan Ka · 2026-03-09 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

As qualitative researchers show growing interest in using automated tools to support interpretive analysis, a large language model (LLM) is often introduced into an analytic workflow as is, without systematic evaluation of interpretive quality or comparison across models. This practice leaves model selection largely unexamined despite its potential influence on interpretive outcomes. To address this gap, this study examines whether LLM-as-judge evaluations meaningfully align with human judgments of interpretive quality and can inform model-level decision making. Using 712 conversational excerpts from semi-structured interviews with K-12 mathematics teachers, we generated one-sentence interpretive responses using five widely adopted inference models: Command R+ (Cohere), Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google), GPT-5.1 (OpenAI), Llama 4 Scout-17B Instruct (Meta), and Qwen 3-32B Dense (Alibaba). Automated evaluations were conducted using AWS Bedrock's LLM-as-judge framework across five metrics, and a stratified subset of responses was independently rated by trained human evaluators on interpretive accuracy, nuance preservation, and interpretive coherence. Results show that LLM-as-judge scores capture broad directional trends in human evaluations at the model level but diverge substantially in score magnitude. Among automated metrics, Coherence showed the strongest alignment with aggregated human ratings, whereas Faithfulness and Correctness revealed systematic misalignment at the excerpt level, particularly for non-literal and nuanced interpretations. Safety-related metrics were largely irrelevant to interpretive quality. These findings suggest that LLM-as-judge methods are better suited for screening or eliminating underperforming models than for replacing human judgment, offering practical guidance for systematic comparison and selection of LLMs in qualitative research workflows.