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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
FlatASCEND: Autoregressive Clinical Sequence Generation w...
Chris Sainsbury, Feng Dong, Andreas Karwath · 2026-04-13 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Autoregressive models can predict clinical events, but generating patient-conditioned multi-step trajectories that respond to intervention tokens and testing whether those responses preserve known pharmacological associations has received limited attention. We present FlatASCEND, a 14.5M-parameter autoregressive clinical sequence model using flat composite tokens and a zero-inflated log-normal time head. Standard distributional metrics (Jaccard 0.889-0.954) do not distinguish FlatASCEND from trivial baselines; the model's value lies in conditional generation from patient-specific prefixes. A prompt-shuffle ablation shows patient-specific conditioning amplifies mechanistic pharmacological effects (2.0-2.2x for steroid to glucose, diuretic to potassium) while leaving confounding-driven associations unchanged (0.9x for insulin to glucose). An incident-user framework assesses directional consistency against prior pharmacological knowledge on MIMIC-IV (N=500 per comparison): 4/10 recover correct mechanistic directions, 2 reproduce treatment-context associations, 4 are incorrect (9/10 significant, Wilcoxon p<0.05). This pattern - partial recovery under residual confounding - is consistent with learned observational associations without causal distinction. Direct preference optimisation with surrogate reward destroys all correct associations (3/3 to 0/3), illustrating reward exploitation when reward and evaluation share an outcome domain. Generative evidence is strongest for short-horizon ICU data; outpatient temporal fidelity is weaker (median 10 vs 154 days on INSPECT), and zero-shot cross-site transfer degrades without adaptation.