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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Certified Program Synthesis with a Multi-Modal Verifier
Yueyang Feng, Dipesh Kafle, Vladimir Gladshtein, Vitaly Kurin, G · 2026-04-17 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Certified program synthesis (aka vericoding) is the process of automatically generating a program, its formal specification, and a machine-checkable proof of their alignment from a natural-language description. Two challenges make vericoding difficult. First, specifications synthesised from natural language are often either too weak to be meaningful or too strong to be implementable, yet existing approaches lack systematic means to detect such defects. Second, the landscape of program verifiers is fragmented: each tool supports a particular reasoning mode -- auto-active (e.g., Dafny, Verus) or interactive (e.g., Coq, Lean) -- with its own trade-off between automation and expressivity. This forces every synthesis methodology to be tailored to a single verification paradigm, limiting the class of tasks it can handle effectively. We overcome both challenges by structuring the certified synthesis workflow around a multi-modal verifier -- a single tool combining dynamic validation, automated proofs, and interactive proof scripting in one foundational framework. We realise this idea in LeetProof, an agentic pipeline built on Velvet, a multi-modal verifier embedded in Lean. Multi-modality enables LeetProof to validate generated specifications via randomised property-based testing before any code is synthesised, decompose the synthesis task into sub-problems guided by verification conditions, and delegate residual proof obligations to frontier AI provers specialised for Lean. We evaluate LeetProof on benchmarks derived from prior work on certified synthesis. Our specification validation uncovers defects in existing reference benchmarks, and LeetProof's staged pipeline achieves a significantly higher rate of fully certified solutions than a single-mode baseline at the same budget -- consistently across two frontier LLM backends.