Scientists said the heatwave would have been virtually impossible without man-made climate change, which has made this week's night-time temperatures 100 times more likely than they would have been even two decades ago.

On Friday, a new German record of 41.3C was reached near the city of Saarbruecken close to the French border, ​a spokesperson for Germany's National Meteorological Service said, noting the reading was still preliminary.

People urged to save water 

The service issued extreme heat warnings for nearly all ​of Germany on Saturday as authorities urged people to save water.

It said temperatures of 36C were expected across the board in ⁠the country, with local highs of 42C possible.

In France, dozens of people, both young and old, have died during the heatwave. Temperatures above 40C have disrupted rail travel ​and power generation, sparked alcohol bans, suspended schools and postponed outdoor events.

"The heatwave is going to peak at the weekend at well over 40 degrees in some parts of Germany," ​said Karsten Brandt, a meteorologist at weather forecasting site Donnerwetter.de.

The Ironman European Championship long-distance triathlon taking place on Sunday in Frankfurt shortened the cycling and running courses due to the heat, organisers said.

Italy's health ministry issued a red alert for the heatwave in 18 Italian cities including Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa, Florence and Bologna for Saturday and Sunday, with temperatures expected to climb as high as 39C in some areas.

Italian singer Loredana Berte said she had cancelled a concert scheduled for Sunday in the northern city of Bergamo due to the heat on the advice ​of her management and medical staff.

"Performing under these conditions would pose a real risk to my health," Berte, who was married to Swedish tennis star Björn Borg in the early 1990s, wrote ‌on X.

Free cancellations to reduce rail travel

Struggling with the prospect of damage to infrastructure, including buckling roads and swelling train tracks, some major public service providers have sought to reduce traffic.

German national rail operator Deutsche Bahn has given customers the option of cancelling long-distance travel bookings into early next week without charge due to the heatwave.

The firm said its infrastructure is under particular strain because of sun exposure and additional risk to signals, tracks and overhead wires stemming from thunderstorms and wildfires.

Another operator, National Express, said it would suspend trains on its Rhine-Ruhr-Express ​line on Saturday afternoon in North Rhine-Westphalia, ​Germany's most populous state, as a ⁠preventative measure in case services came to an unplanned halt.

Andre Berghegger, CEO of the German Association of Towns and Municipalities, urged the public to use water sparingly due to the heatwave.

"We should rely on voluntary cooperation as long as possible; local authorities should only issue ​bans if that doesn't work," he told the Neue Osnabruecker Zeitung newspaper.

Record temeperatures driven by 'omega block' phenomenon 

The most extreme heat is ​forecast to begin fading ⁠at the weekend, with heavy thunderstorms expected on Sunday.

Across Europe, cultural landmarks have had to close, farming has suffered, and some hospitals have struggled to cope.

The heatwave has pushed temperatures up to 18C above their seasonal average, according to the Reuters Climate Monitor, and is being driven by a phenomenon known as an Omega block.

This weather pattern traps a bulging ball of hot air over ⁠regions for ​extended periods, with cooler air on its fringes.

Demand for electric fans has shot up, and Asian air ​conditioning makers have reported a European sales boom.

Most of the housing stock in Northern Europe is not built to withstand heat but rather to keep it in.

The present heatwave will begin shifting by the end of the month, hitting ​Central Europe and the Balkans, the World Meteorological Organization said.