The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added a flaw in BerriAI LiteLLM, tracked as CVE-2026-42208 (CVSS score of 9.3), to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.
At the end of April, attackers rapidly exploited the critical vulnerability in LiteLLM Python package just days after it became public. The vulnerability, an SQL injection in the proxy API key verification process, lets attackers access and potentially modify database data.
Instead of safely passing the key as a parameter, it directly inserts the user-supplied value into a database query. This unsafe practice opens the door to SQL injection.
An attacker doesn’t need valid credentials. By sending a specially crafted Authorization header to an API endpoint (such as /chat/completions), they can manipulate the query executed by the database. Because the request flows through an error-handling path, the malicious input still reaches the vulnerable query.
“A database query used during proxy API key checks mixed the caller-supplied key value into the query text instead of passing it as a separate parameter. An unauthenticated attacker could send a specially crafted Authorization header to any LLM API route (for example POST /chat/completions) and reach this query through the proxy’s error-handling path.” reads the BerriAI’s advisory. “An attacker could read data from the proxy’s database and may be able to modify it, leading to unauthorised access to the proxy and the credentials it manages.”
Researchers observed real-world attacks targeting sensitive information stored in database tables, highlighting how quickly disclosed flaws can turn into active threats.
The flaw affects LiteLLM versions 1.81.16 to 1.83.6 and was fixed in 1.83.7 on April 19, 2026. The Sysdig Threat Research Team reported that attackers began exploiting it about 36 hours after disclosure.
“The Sysdig Threat Research Team (TRT) observed the first exploitation attempt 36 hours and seven minutes after the advisory was published to the global database.” reads the report published by Sysdig. “The traffic the Sysdig TRT captured was not a generic SQLmap spray, which is very common in SQL injection attacks, but a deliberate, and likely customized, enumeration of the production LiteLLM schema, targeting the three tables that hold the highest-value secrets: virtual API keys, stored provider credentials, and the proxy’s environment-variable configuration.
The attacker showed strong knowledge of LiteLLM’s database structure and quickly mapped table schemas, but researchers saw no signs of data theft or further compromise.
“We did not see follow-through, however. There were no authenticated calls using exfiltrated keys, no virtual-key minting via /key/generate, and no chained reuse of provider credentials.” continues the report. “The novelty of this finding is the speed and precision of the schema-enumeration attempt, not a confirmed compromise.”
Sysdig published indicators of compromise for attacks exploiting this vulnerability.
Users who can’t upgrade their installs are suggested to enable disable_error_logs: true in general settings to block the attack path and reduce exposure.
According to Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01: Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities, FCEB agencies have to address the identified vulnerabilities by the due date to protect their networks against attacks exploiting the flaws in the catalog.
Experts also recommend that private organizations review the Catalog and address the vulnerabilities in their infrastructure.
CISA orders federal agencies to fix the vulnerability by May 11, 2026.
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