This is the first article in a 3 part series about React Sub-components. Part 2 and Part 3 are available here and here.
Every React project I’ve worked on, whether it was personal or work related, got big enough at some point that their codebase became hard to understand. Every little change required more thinking but lead to a lot of inconsistencies and hacks. Among the many issues I had with such codebases, the lack of reusability of some views was the main one: it lead to a lot of copying/pasting code of complex components/views to ensure they look the same, and the resulting duplicated code didn’t make it easier to maintain nor to test.
Using a sub-component pattern can help to fix all these issues.
For this article, we’ll consider the following view as our main example: a simple Article view to render a title, subtitle, content, metadata and comments of an article object. We’ve all dealt with such views, and they can be really problematic for the reasons stated in the intro.
Example of Article view component
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class MyArticleView extends React.Component {
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<div className={css.mainContainer}>
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<div className={css.wrapper}>
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<div className={css.titleContainer}>
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<div className={css.title}>
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<span>{this.renderTitle()}</span>
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<div className={css.subtitle}>
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<div className={css.subtitleBox}> {this.renderSubtitle()}</div>
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<ul className={css.articlemetadata}>
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<li className={css.item}>{this.renderAuthor()}</li>
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<li className={css.item}>{this.renderDate()}</li>
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<div className={css.contentArticle}>
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<div className={css.contentTextStyle}>{this.renderMainContent()}</div>
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<span className={css.inlineComments}>{this.renderComments()}</span>
By using sub-components we can render the same exact view, but with a much more readable code and a reusable component. This is what the result can look like:
Article view component implemented with "sub-components"
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class MyArticleView extends React.Component {
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<Article.Title>{this.renderTitle()}</Article.Title>
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<Article.Subtitle>{this.renderSubtitle()}</Article.Subtitle>
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<Article.Content>{this.renderContent()}</Article.Content>
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<Article.Comments>{this.renderComments}</Article.Comments>
In this context, sub-components are defined as components which have their own definition declared within another parent component, and can only be used in the context of that parent component. In the example above, the Title component for instance only exists within the scope of the Article component. It can’t be rendered on its own.
I’m personally not sure about the name, but this is the best term I’ve found to refer to this pattern that I’ve learned to appreciate in my projects.
Sub-components can be seen in multiple libraries such as Recharts or Semantic-UI. The latter refers to sub-components as Modules, Collections and Views in its library, and gives you the ability to render views the same way as stated above.
This kind of pattern is really beneficial:
to keep views consistent: you can actually show any kind of data using the Article component above. What matters here is that regardless of its purpose, it will look the same across the whole app.
to keep your code tight and clean: Title, Comments, Subtitle, Metadata only make sense within Article and will only be able to be used within it (i.e. where they make sense, since these components are only used in the context of an “Article”).
to have easily testable views: for testing such components, Jest and snapshot testing are our allies. It gives us the ability to quickly test any combination of sub-components when using Article. We’ll see how to use Jest to test such a pattern later.
In this section we’re going to build the Article component step by step, first by trying to implement the Title sub-component.
The first thing we need in order to build sub-components within a component is a util to find children by “type” or “name” so React will know how to render our Title sub-component. We’ll pass two parameters to this util:
children: the list of children of Article
component: the component we want to find within the list of children, in our example it will be Title.
Here’s how the util findByType looks like:
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import React from 'react';
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const findByType = (children, component) => {
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const type = [component.displayName] || [component.name];
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React.Children.forEach(children, (child) => {
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child && child.type && (child.type.displayName || child.type.name);
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if (type.includes(childType)) {
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export default findByType;
Now that we have our findByType util, we can start writing our Article component and the Title sub-component:
Article component with Title sub-component
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import React, { Component } from 'react';
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import findByType from './findByType';
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import css from './somestyle.css';
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const Title = () => null;
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class Article extends Component {
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const { children } = this.props;
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const title = findByType(children, Title);
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return <div className={css.title}>{title.props.children}</div>;
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<div className={css.mainContainer}>
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<div className={css.wrapper}>
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<div className={css.titleContainer}>{this.renderTitle()}</div>
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export default Article;
We now have the ability to use the Article component and its Title sub-component as such:
Usage of the Title sub-component
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<Article.Title>My Article Title</Article.Title>
In order to extend our set of sub-components, we simply need to instantiate each one of them, write their corresponding render function, and call it in the main render function.
Below you will find the fully implemented component with all its sub-components:
Full implementation of the Article component with all its sub-components
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import React, { Component } from 'react';
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import type { Node } from 'react';
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import findByType from './findByType';
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import css from './styles.css';
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const Title = () => null;
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const Subtitle = () => null;
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const Metadata = () => null;
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const Content = () => null;
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const Comments = () => null;
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class Article extends Component<Props> {
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static Title: Function;
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static Subtitle: Function;
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static Metadata: Function;
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static Content: Function;
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static Comments: Function;
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const { children } = this.props;
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const title = findByType(children, Title);
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return <div className={css.title}>{title.props.children}</div>;
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const { children } = this.props;
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const subtitle = findByType(children, Subtitle);
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<div className={css.subtitle}>
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<div className={css.subtitleBox}>{subtitle}</div>
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const { children } = this.props;
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const metadata = findByType(children, Metadata);
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<ul className={css.articlemetadata}>
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{metadata.props.children.map((child) => {
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return <li className={css.item}>{child}</li>;
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renderContentAndComment() {
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const { children } = this.props;
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const content = findByType(children, Content);
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const comments = findByType(children, Comment);
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<div className={css.contentArticle}>
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<div className={css.contentTextStyle}>{content.props.children}</div>
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<span className={css.inlineComments}>
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{comments && comments.props.children}
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const { children, className, ...rest } = this.props;
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<div className={css.mainContainer}>
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<div className={css.wrapper}>
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<div className={css.titleContainer}>
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{this.renderSubtitle()}
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{this.renderMetadata()}
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{this.renderContentAndComment()}
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Article.Title = Title;
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Article.Subtitle = Subtitle;
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Article.Metadata = Metadata;
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Article.Content = Content;
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Article.Comments = Comments;
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export default Article;
Note: the renderMetadata function is really interesting in this example, it shows how it is possible to use a single render function for two different sub-components.
Snapshot testing our sub-components is probably the quickest and safest way to make sure that any combination of sub-components within the Article component will render properly. To do this we’re going to use both Jest and Enzyme. Here’s how you can write tests for our example:
Example of snapshot testing sub-components
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import React from 'react';
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import { mount } from 'enzyme';
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import Article from '../';
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const Content = () => <div>[Mock] Content</div>;
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const Subtitle = () => <div>[Mock] Subtitle</div>;
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const Comments = () => <div>[Mock] Comments</div>;
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const Metadata = () => <div>[Mock] Metadata</div>;
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const Title = () => <div>[Mock] Title</div>;
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const Subtitles = () => <div>[Mock] Subtitles</div>;
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it('Renders with all the sub-components', () => {
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const component = mount(
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expect(component).toMatchSnapshot();
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it('Renders with only the Content and Comments', () => {
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const component = mount(
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expect(component).toMatchSnapshot();
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it('Renders with a Title and without a subtitle', () => {
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const component = mount(
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expect(component).toMatchSnapshot();
While writing this article I noticed that sub-components wouldn’t render on IE 11 and Edge once bundled with Babel 6.26.0 and Webpack 3.10. Maybe it affects other versions, I haven’t checked yet, but all I know is that it only affected the bundled app, it worked fine when the project was running with Webpack Dev Server.
What happened? The culprit here was found when debugging the findByType util. child.type.displayName || child.type.name was returning undefined on IE and Edge for the following reason: “_type_ here is a reference to the component constructor. So if you do _child.type.name_, it references the name property on the constructor -- no supported in IE.”
Reference: https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/9803
As a workaround I added a static variable called displayName for each one of my sub-components to ensure that they have a name. Here’s how it should look like on our example:
Sub-components with declared "displayName"
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const Title = () => null;
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Title.displayName = 'Title';
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const Subtitle = () => null;
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Subtitle.displayName = 'Subtitle';
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const Metadata = () => null;
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Metadata.displayName = 'Metadata';
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const Content = () => null;
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Content.displayName = 'Content';
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const Comments = () => null;
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Comments.displayName = 'Comments';
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