全球海草高分辨率地图，以支持海岸保护

作者：小柯机器人 发布时间：2026/6/28 17:03:28

近日，美国亚利桑那州立大学Jiwei Li团队报道了全球海草高分辨率地图，以支持海岸保护。相关论文于2026年6月24日发表在《自然》杂志上。

海草生态系统支撑着沿海生物多样性，并提供重要的生态系统服务，包括海岸保护、粮食安全和气候减缓。尽管海草作为基于自然的气候解决方案日益受到认可，但它们仍是测绘覆盖最少、认知最匮乏的植被化沿海生态系统之一。

研究组展示了据他们所知首张全球10米空间分辨率的海草分布图及其变化分析，覆盖清澈浅海沿岸水域，数据来源于两个时段（2019—2020年和2023—2024年）共475万幅Sentinel-2 MSI卫星影像。利用基于精选参考数据训练的深度学习分类器，研究组识别出全球海草面积共计148,506平方公里，其中潮间带5,961平方公里，潮下带142,545平方公里。

全球69%的海草面积集中于巴哈马、古巴、美国、澳大利亚和印度尼西亚，但仅有21%的海草区域位于海洋保护区内。在研究涉及的4年间，共有5,969平方公里（4%）的海草消失，另有6,221平方公里（4.2%）的热带区域海草从密集覆盖退化为稀疏覆盖。该研究结果明确了海草草甸热点区域和脆弱区域，可为保护和气候政策提供参考依据。

附：英文原文

Title: Global high-resolution mapping of seagrass to support conservation

Author: Peng, Jianghai, Li, Jiwei, Krause, Johannes R., Lyons, Mitchell B., Murray, Nicholas J., Schill, Steven R., Roelfsema, Chris M., Asner, Gregory P.

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-24

Abstract: Seagrass ecosystems underpin coastal biodiversity1 and provide vital ecosystem services, including shoreline protection2, food security3 and climate mitigation4. Despite growing recognition as a nature-based climate solution, seagrasses are among the least mapped and most poorly understood vegetated coastal ecosystems5. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first global 10-m spatial resolution maps and change analysis of seagrass extent in clear, shallow coastal waters, derived from 4.75 million Sentinel-2 MSI satellite images for two periods (2019–2020 and 2023–2024). Using a deep-learning classifier trained on curated reference data, we identified 148,506km2 of seagrass globally, including 5,961km2 of intertidal and 142,545km2 of subtidal areas. Sixty-nine per cent of global seagrass extent is concentrated in The Bahamas, Cuba, the USA, Australia and Indonesia, yet only 21% of seagrass areas are located within marine-protected areas. Over the 4years of the study, 5,969km2 (4%) of seagrass was lost, and an additional 6,221km2 (4.2%) was degraded from dense to sparse cover in tropical regions. Our findings identify seagrass meadow hotspots and vulnerable regions to inform conservation and climate policy.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10704-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10704-3