In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for the recognition of Persian phonemes in the Persian Consonant-Vowel Combination (PCVC) speech dataset. Nowadays, deep neural networks play a crucial role in classification tasks. However, the best results in speech recognition are not yet as perfect as human recognition rate. Deep learning techniques show outstanding performance over many other classification tasks like image classification, document classification, etc. Furthermore, the performance is sometimes better than a human. The reason why automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are not as qualified as the human speech recognition system, mostly depends on features of data which is fed to deep neural networks. Methods: In this research, firstly, the sound samples are cut for the exact extraction of phoneme sounds in 50ms samples. Then, phonemes are divided into 30 groups, containing 23 consonants, 6 vowels, and a silence phoneme. Results: The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is conducted on them, and the results are given to PPNet (A new deep convolutional neural network architecture) classifier and a total average of 75.87% accuracy is reached which is the best result ever compared to other algorithms on separated Persian phonemes (Like in PCVC speech dataset). Conclusion: This method can be used not only for recognizing mono-phonemes but also it can be adopted as an input to the selection of the best words in speech transcription.