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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Driver Identification and PCA Augmented Selection Shrinka...
Yousef Adeli Sadabad, Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh, Gyorgy Dan, Mati · 2025-09-23 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

The System Price (SP) of the Nordic electricity market serves as a key reference for financial hedge contracts such as Electricity Price Area Differentials (EPADs) and other risk management instruments. Therefore, the identification of drivers and the accurate forecasting of SP are essential for market participants to design effective hedging strategies. This paper develops a systematic framework that combines interpretable drivers analysis with robust forecasting methods. It proposes an interpretable feature engineering algorithm to identify the main drivers of the Nordic SP based on a novel combination of K-means clustering, Multiple Seasonal-Trend Decomposition (MSTD), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Then, it applies principal component analysis (PCA) to the identified data matrix, which is adapted to the downstream task of price forecasting to mitigate the issue of imperfect multicollinearity in the data. Finally, we propose a multi-forecast selection-shrinkage algorithm for Nordic SP forecasting, which selects a subset of complementary forecast models based on their bias-variance tradeoff at the ensemble level and then computes the optimal weights for the retained forecast models to minimize the error variance of the combined forecast. Using historical data from the Nordic electricity market, we demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms individual input models uniformly, robustly, and significantly, while maintaining a comparable computational cost. Notably, our systematic framework produces superior results using simple input models, outperforming the state-of-the-art Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT). Furthermore, we show that our approach also exceeds the performance of several well-established practical forecast combination methods.