We study fragmentation trees of Gibbs type. In the binary case, we identify the most general Gibbs-type fragmentation tree with Aldous' beta-splitting model, which has an extended parameter range $β>-2$ with respect to the ${\rm beta}(β+1,β+1)$ probability distributions on which it is based. In the multifurcating case, we show that Gibbs fragmentation trees are associated with the two-parameter Poisson--Dirichlet models for exchangeable random partitions of $\mathbb {N}$, with an extended parameter range $0\leα\le1$, $θ\ge-2α$ and $α<0$, $θ=-mα$, $m\in \mathbb {N}$.