惯性聚合 高效追踪和阅读你感兴趣的博客、新闻、科技资讯
阅读原文 在惯性聚合中打开

推荐订阅源

Engineering at Meta
Engineering at Meta
雷峰网
雷峰网
freeCodeCamp Programming Tutorials: Python, JavaScript, Git & More
B
Blog
Y
Y Combinator Blog
WordPress大学
WordPress大学
Microsoft Azure Blog
Microsoft Azure Blog
小众软件
小众软件
G
Google Developers Blog
云风的 BLOG
云风的 BLOG
罗磊的独立博客
博客园 - 三生石上(FineUI控件)
博客园 - 叶小钗
钛媒体:引领未来商业与生活新知
钛媒体:引领未来商业与生活新知
量子位
The Cloudflare Blog
T
The Blog of Author Tim Ferriss
博客园_首页
B
Blog RSS Feed
Hugging Face - Blog
Hugging Face - Blog
IT之家
IT之家
阮一峰的网络日志
阮一峰的网络日志
L
LangChain Blog
宝玉的分享
宝玉的分享

math.ST updates on arXiv.org

What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
On statistical and causal models associated with acyclic ...
Qingyuan Zhao · 2025-01-06 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

Causal models in statistics are often described using acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs), which contain directed and bidirected edges and no directed cycles. This article surveys various interpretations of ADMGs, discusses their relations in different sub-classes of ADMGs, and argues that one of them -- the noise expansion (NE) model -- should be used as the default interpretation. Our endorsement of the NE model is based on two observations. First, in a subclass of ADMGs called unconfounded graphs (which retain most of the good properties of directed acyclic graphs and bidirected graphs), the NE model is equivalent to many other interpretations including the global Markov and nested Markov models. Second, the NE model for an arbitrary ADMG is exactly the union of that for all unconfounded expansions of that graph. This property is referred to as completeness, as it shows that the model does not commit to any specific latent variable explanation. In proving that the NE model is nested Markov, we also develop an ADMG-based theory for causality. Finally, we compare the NE model with the closely related but different interpretation of ADMGs as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with latent variables that is commonly used in the literature. We argue that the "latent DAG" interpretation is mathematically unnecessary, makes obscure ontological assumptions, and discourages practitioners from deliberating over important structural assumptions.