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math.CO updates on arXiv.org

Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
Triangle-Covered Graphs: Algorithms, Complexity, and Stru...
Amirali Madani, Anil Maheshwari, Babak Miraftab, Paweł Żyliński · 2025-09-15 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

The widely studied edge modification problems ask how to minimally alter a graph to satisfy certain structural properties. In this paper, we introduce and study a new edge modification problem centered around transforming a given graph into a triangle-covered graph (one in which every vertex belongs to at least one triangle). We first present tight lower bounds on the number of edges in any connected triangle-covered graph of order $n$, and then we characterize all connected graphs that attain this minimum edge count. For a graph $G$, we define the notion of a $Δ$-completion set as a set of non-edges of $G$ whose addition to $G$ results in a triangle-covered graph. We prove that the decision problem of finding a $Δ$-completion set of size at most $t\geq0$ is $\mathbb{NP}$-complete and does not admit a constant-factor approximation algorithm under standard complexity assumptions. Moreover, we show that this problem remains $\mathbb{NP}$-complete even when the input is restricted to connected bipartite graphs. We then study the problem from an algorithmic perspective, providing tight bounds on the minimum $Δ$-completion set size for several graph classes, including trees, chordal graphs, and cactus graphs. Furthermore, we show that the triangle-covered problem admits an $(\ln n +1)$-approximation algorithm for general graphs. For trees and chordal graphs, we design algorithms that compute minimum $Δ$-completion sets. Finally, we show that the threshold for a random graph $\mathbb{G}(n, p)$ to be triangle-covered occurs at $n^{-2/3}$.