A $pseudo$-$oval$ of a finite projective space over a finite field of odd order $q$ is a configuration of equidimensional subspaces that is essentially equivalent to a translation generalised quadrangle of order $(q^n,q^n)$ and a Laguerre plane of order $q^n$ (for some $n$). In setting out a programme to construct new generalised quadrangles, Shult and Thas asked whether there are pseudo-ovals consisting only of lines of an elliptic quadric ${Q}^-(5,q)$, non-equivalent to the $classical$ $example$, a so-called $pseudo$-$conic$. To date, every known pseudo-oval of lines of ${Q}^-(5,q)$ is projectively equivalent to a pseudo-conic. Thas characterised pseudo-conics as pseudo-ovals satisfying the $perspective$ property, and this paper is on characterisations of pseudo-conics from an algebraic combinatorial point of view. In particular, we show that pseudo-ovals in $Q^-(5,q)$ and pseudo-conics can be characterised as certain Delsarte designs of an interesting five-class association scheme. These association schemes are introduced and explored, and we provide a complete theory of how pseudo-ovals of lines of $Q^-(5,q)$ can be analysed from this viewpoint.