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cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models Evaluating LLM-Generated Obfuscated XSS Payloads for Machine Learning-Based Detection Do Agents Dream of Root Shells? Partial-Credit Evaluation of LLM Agents in Capture the Flag Challenges Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery From Particles to Perils: SVGD-Based Hazardous Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems Testing Choose Your Own Adventure: Non-Linear AI-Assisted Programming with EvoGraph Human-Machine Co-Boosted Bug Report Identification with Mutualistic Neural Active Learning LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localization CodeMMR: Bridging Natural Language, Code, and Image for Unified Retrieval Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific Agents: Stronger Safety and Security Guarantees Without Sacrificing Utility Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts The Semi-Executable Stack: Agentic Software Engineering and the Expanding Scope of SE Scaling Test-Time Compute for Agentic Coding AI-Assisted Requirements Engineering: An Empirical Evaluation Relative to Expert Judgment From Procedural Skills to Strategy Genes: Towards Experience-Driven Test-Time Evolution Atropos: Improving Cost-Benefit Trade-off of LLM-based Agents under Self-Consistency with Early Termination and Model Hotswap Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study Benchmarks for Trajectory Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis in OpenClaw and Codex: ATBench-Claw and ATBench-Codex Bounded Autonomy for Enterprise AI: Typed Action Contracts and Consumer-Side Execution AIPC: Agent-Based Automation for AI Model Deployment with Qualcomm AI Runtime Analyzing Chain of Thought (CoT) Approaches in Control Flow Code Deobfuscation Tasks Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Tasks Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review LinuxArena: A Control Setting for AI Agents in Live Production Software Environments LLMs taking shortcuts in test generation: A study with SAP HANA and LevelDB Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends CollabCoder: Plan-Code Co-Evolution via Collaborative Decision-Making for Efficient Code Generation Sentiment analysis for software engineering: How far can zero-shot learning (ZSL) go? Learning from Change: Predictive Models for Incident Prevention in a Regulated IT Environment
Cybernaut: Towards Reliable Web Automation
Ankur Tomar, Hengyue Liang, Indranil Bhattacharya, Natalia Lario · 2025-08-22 · via cs.SE updates on arXiv.org

The emergence of AI-driven web automation through Large Language Models (LLMs) offers unprecedented opportunities for optimizing digital workflows. However, deploying such systems within industry's real-world environments presents four core challenges: (1) ensuring consistent execution, (2) accurately identifying critical HTML elements, (3) meeting human-like accuracy in order to automate operations at scale and (4) the lack of comprehensive benchmarking data on internal web applications. Existing solutions are primarily tailored for well-designed, consumer-facing websites (e.g., Amazon.com, Apple.com) and fall short in addressing the complexity of poorly-designed internal web interfaces. To address these limitations, we present Cybernaut, a novel framework to ensure high execution consistency in web automation agents designed for robust enterprise use. Our contributions are threefold: (1) a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) generator that converts user demonstrations into reliable automation instructions for linear browsing tasks, (2) a high-precision HTML DOM element recognition system tailored for the challenge of complex web interfaces, and (3) a quantitative metric to assess execution consistency. The empirical evaluation on our internal benchmark demonstrates that using our framework enables a 23.2% improvement (from 72% to 88.68%) in task execution success rate over the browser_use. Cybernaut identifies consistent execution patterns with 84.7% accuracy, enabling reliable confidence assessment and adaptive guidance during task execution in real-world systems. These results highlight Cybernaut's effectiveness in enterprise-scale web automation and lay a foundation for future advancements in web automation.