我使用 Markdown 写博客已经有段时间了，但是一直以来有个小小的问题：对于代码块，markdown 生成的是一个<pre>标签里套一个<code>标签。缩进四个空格还好，用 Vim 的列编辑就行了（>操作不行，因为空行不会被缩进），可是删除这些<code>标签并加上相应的语言标识很烦。于是有了以下 Python 代码，使用的是 Python 版的 markdown，支持使用~~~~作为代码分隔符，如：

~~~~python|这是 Python 代码
print('Hello Python!')
~~~~

将会被翻译为

<pre class="brush: python;" title="这是 Python 代码">print('Hello Python!')
</pre>

程序如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# vim:fileencoding=utf-8

import sys
from itertools import takewhile

import markdown
from lxml.html import fromstring, tostring

def parseAttr(s):
  a = s.split('|')
  if len(a) > 3:
    raise ValueError('Too many attributes')
  a = list(map(str.strip, a))
  if len(a) == 3:
    a[2] = bool(a[2])
  elif len(a) == 2:
    a.append(False)
  elif len(a) == 1:
    a.extend(['', False])
  else:
    a = ['plain', '', False]
  if not a[0]:
    a[0] = 'plain'
  return a

def analyseAttrs(text):
  '''Attributes are defined like this:

  ~~~~lang|title|collapse

  In place of ``collapse``, anything not empty is considered true.
  '''
  incode = False
  lines = []
  attrs = []
  istilda = lambda ch: ch == '~'
  for l in text.split('\n'):
    if l.startswith('~~~~'):
      if not incode:
        incode = len(tuple(takewhile(istilda, l)))
        attr = parseAttr(l.lstrip('~'))
        attrs.append(attr)
        l = tildas = '~' * incode
      else:
        if l.find(tildas) == 0:
          incode = False
    lines.append(l)
  return '\n'.join(lines), attrs

def applyAttrs(html, attrs):
  doc = fromstring(html)
  for i, code in enumerate(doc.xpath('//pre/code')):
    pre = code.getparent()
    text = pre[0].text
    del pre[:]
    pre.text = text
    attr = attrs[i]
    c = 'brush: %s;' % attr[0]
    if attr[2]:
      c += ' collapse: true;'
    pre.set('class', c)
    if attr[1]:
      pre.set('title', attr[1])
  return tostring(doc, encoding=str)[5:-6] + '\n'

def main():
  text = sys.stdin.read()
  text, attrs = analyseAttrs(text)
  out = markdown.markdown(text, ['fenced_code'])
  out = applyAttrs(out, attrs)
  sys.stdout.write(out)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()