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Likelihood Matching for Diffusion Models
[Submitted on 5 Aug 2025 (v1), last revised 11 Jul 2026 (this ve · 2025-08-06 · via stat updates on arXiv.org

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Abstract:We propose a Likelihood Matching approach for training diffusion models by first establishing an equivalence between the likelihood of the target data distribution and a likelihood along the sample path of the reverse diffusion. To efficiently compute the reverse sample likelihood, a quasi-likelihood is considered to approximate each reverse transition density by a Gaussian distribution with matched conditional mean and covariance, respectively. The score and Hessian functions for the diffusion generation are estimated by maximizing the quasi-likelihood, ensuring a consistent matching of both the first two transitional moments between every two time points. A stochastic sampler is introduced to facilitate computation that leverages both the estimated score and Hessian information. We establish consistency of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimation, and provide non-asymptotic convergence guarantees for the proposed sampler, quantifying the rates of the approximation errors due to the score and Hessian estimation, dimensionality, and the number of diffusion steps. Empirical and simulation evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Likelihood Matching and validate the theoretical results.

Submission history

From: Lei Qian [view email]
[v1] Tue, 5 Aug 2025 16:51:29 UTC (4,134 KB)
[v2] Thu, 22 Jan 2026 16:44:18 UTC (4,317 KB)
[v3] Sat, 11 Jul 2026 04:11:31 UTC (3,707 KB)

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