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ClawGUI: A Unified Framework for Training, Evaluating, and Deploying GUI Agents On the Robustness of Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generation Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model From Redaction to Restoration: Deep Learning for Medical Image Anonymization and Reconstruction The Salami Slicing Threat: Exploiting Cumulative Risks in LLM Systems BoxTuning: Directly Injecting the Object Box for Multimodal Model Fine-Tuning Semantic-Geometric Dual Compression: Training-Free Visual Token Reduction for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding Lightweight Low-Light Image Enhancement via Distribution-Normalizing Preprocessing and Depthwise U-Net Back to the Barn with LLAMAs: Evolving Pretrained LLM Backbones in Finetuning Vision Language Models Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Evaluating the Impact of Medical Image Reconstruction on Downstream AI Fairness and Performance Retinal Cyst Detection from Optical Coherence Tomography Images LoViF 2026 The First Challenge on Weather Removal in Videos STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos Data-Efficient Surgical Phase Segmentation in Small-Incision Cataract Surgery: A Controlled Study of Vision Foundation Models Rethinking the Diffusion Model from a Langevin Perspective Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners Edu-MMBias: A Three-Tier Multimodal Benchmark for Auditing Social Bias in Vision-Language Models under Educational Contexts VGA-Bench: A Unified Benchmark and Multi-Model Framework for Video Aesthetics and Generation Quality Evaluation Degradation-Consistent Paired Training for Robust AI-Generated Image Detection FREE-Switch: Frequency-based Dynamic LoRA Switch for Style Transfer Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models FlowPalm: Optical Flow Driven Non-Rigid Deformation for Geometrically Diverse Palmprint Generation Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models I Walk the Line: Examining the Role of Gestalt Continuity in Object Binding for Vision Transformers GLEaN: A Text-to-image Bias Detection Approach for Public Comprehension From UAV Imagery to Agronomic Reasoning: A Multimodal LLM Benchmark for Plant Phenotyping Not Your Stereo-Typical Estimator: Combining Vision and Language for Volume Perception
When AI and Experts Agree on Error: Intrinsic Ambiguity i...
Loris Cino, Pier Luigi Mazzeo, Alessandro Martella, Giulia Radi, · 2026-04-01 · via cs.CV updates on arXiv.org

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), into dermatological diagnosis demonstrates substantial clinical potential. While existing literature predominantly benchmarks algorithmic performance against human experts, our study adopts a novel perspective by investigating the intrinsic complexity of dermatoscopic images. Through rigorous experimentation with multiple CNN architectures, we isolated a subset of images systematically misclassified across all models-a phenomenon statistically proven to exceed random chance. To determine if these failures stem from algorithmic biases or inherent visual ambiguity, expert dermatologists independently evaluated these challenging cases alongside a control group. The results revealed a collapse in human diagnostic performance on the AI-misclassified images. First, agreement with ground-truth labels plummeted, with Cohen's kappa dropping to a mere 0.08 for the difficult images, compared to a 0.61 for the control group. Second, we observed a severe deterioration in expert consensus; inter-rater reliability among physicians fell from moderate concordance (Fleiss kappa = 0.456) on control images to only modest agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0.275) on difficult cases. We identified image quality as a primary driver of these dual systematic failures. To promote transparency and reproducibility, all data, code, and trained models have been made publicly available