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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Managing Uncertainty in LLM-Generated Procedural Knowledg...
Polychronis Karpodinis, Dimitris Kalles · 2026-05-26 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Educational virtual laboratories can make experimental training more scala-ble, adaptive, and accessible, especially when students have limited access to physical laboratory facilities. However, authoring new simulated laboratory procedures remains costly: educators must describe new equipment, define how instruments and materials interact, and specify valid procedural flows that can be executed or assessed inside the virtual environment. Large lan-guage models can assist in this authoring process by generating detailed ex-perimental procedures, but their output should not be treated as directly exe-cutable plans. They may omit necessary actions, arrange steps in the wrong order, or produce instructions that are logically incorrect or incompatible with the laboratory equipment. This paper presents a prototype framework for managing uncertainty in LLM-generated procedural knowledge for virtu-al laboratory planning. The framework aims to reduce procedural uncertainty by using structured domain representations and uncertain LLM-generated state-transition samples to extract candidate procedural rules, transform them into explicit and inspectable constraints, and use them to repair uncertain procedural steps. Although the motivating domain refers to educational vir-tual laboratories, the underlying problem is more general: managing uncer-tain procedural knowledge for action planning in structured interactive envi-ronments. We illustrate the approach in a virtual laboratory domain involving laboratory instruments, containers, tools, and material-transfer actions.