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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Quantitative Certification of Agentic Tool Selection
Jehyeok Yeon, Isha Chaudhary, Gagandeep Singh · 2025-10-05 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic systems, where a fundamental task is mapping user intents to relevant external tools. Errors in tool selection can have severe outcomes, such as unauthorized data access, even without modifying the agent's underlying model. Existing evaluations measure performance on curated, benign benchmarks. However, a pipeline's behavior in deployment depends on the tool pool the agent actually encounters, which in open registries is shaped by third parties. We introduce LLMCert-T, the first statistical framework that returns \textbf{high-confidence upper bounds on the probability that a tool-selection pipeline satisfies a declared safety specification under a realistic tool distribution}. LLMCert-T models tool-selection evaluation as a Bernoulli estimation problem, drawing inserted-tool sequences from a distribution that the safety specification fixes. To evaluate robustness against realistic deployment conditions, we instantiate this distribution as a stochastic process that generates inserted-tool sequences round by round, conditioning each round on the agent's selection in the previous round. LLMCert-T aggregates the per-trial outcomes into a one-sided Clopper-Pearson upper bound on the probability that the specification is satisfied. By returning this bound as a certificate with statistical guarantees over the inserted-tool sequence distribution, LLMCert-T makes safety claims intuitive, actionable, and comparable across models, retrievers, mitigations, and registry policies. Across popular BFCL and OpenAPI tool pools, LLMCert-T shows that current LLM agents remain fragile under Distractor Selection and Top-N Saturation specifications: their certified correctness upper bounds drop to approximately 20\%, far below their clean-pool lower bounds.