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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

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Efficient Training-Free Multi-Token Prediction via Embedd...
Raghavv Goel, Mukul Gagrani, Mingu Lee, Chris Lott · 2026-03-19 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess latent multi-token prediction (MTP) abilities despite being trained only for next-token generation. We introduce ESP (Embedding-Space Probing), a simple and training-free MTP method that probes an LLM using on-the-fly mask tokens drawn from its embedding space, enabling parallel future-token prediction without modifying weights or relying on draft models. ESP constructs a speculative token tree by sampling Top-K candidates from mask-token logits and applies a lightweight pruning rule to retain high-probability continuations. During generation, predictions are verified in parallel, yielding lossless decoding while significantly reducing model calls and increasing token throughput. ESP consistently outperforms existing training-free baselines, improving acceptance length by 7-11% over LADE on LLaMA3 and 7-8% on Qwen3, and increasing throughput by up to 15-19% over the strongest baseline. Finally, we provide theoretical insight and empirical evidence showing that decoder layers naturally align mask-token representations with next-token states, enabling accurate multi-step prediction without retraining or auxiliary models.