Type is a framework for communicating the written word, which has its own built-in hierarchy, patterns, and rhythm. Adjusting these patterns for effect through text sizing, spacing, and color is a powerful method of communicating more than what's written.

Icons are simplified symbols that either represent objects and ideas, or abstract a concept by providing a visual replacement for a longer text description.

Simple use of line can define areas within a page and establish boundaries, create movement throughout a page, and add extra dimension.

Generous margins on the left and right edges of major text areas prevent a design from becoming too cramped. By default, most browsers will apply the slimmest of margins around the outer edge of a page, which unfortunately allows text to run from the left to the right edges of the window almost completely unfettered.A bold margin sets a stage for the text within the browser window and places the viewer's focus on the content.