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http://support.microsoft.com/kb/307010/zh-cn
本文介绍如何使用 Microsoft .NET Framework 提供的加密类对文本文件进行加密以使其处于不可读状态,然后再对该信息进行解密,以恢复到原来的格式。
下面列出了推荐使用的硬件、软件、网络架构以及所需的 Service Pack:
Microsoft .NET Framework 中的 System.Security.Cryptographic 命名空间提供了多种帮助您加密和解密的工具。CryptoStream 类就是所提供的诸多类中的一个。CryptoStream 类设计用于在内容以流的形式输出到文件时加密和解密内容。
要加密文件,请按照下列步骤操作:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
有关如何生成和分发密钥的更多信息,请参见 Microsoft .NET Framework SDK 文档,或访问以下 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) 网站:
// Call this function to remove the key from memory after use for security.
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL", EntryPoint="RtlZeroMemory")]
public static extern bool ZeroMemory(ref string Destination, int Length);// Function to Generate a 64 bits Key.
static string GenerateKey()
{
// Create an instance of Symetric Algorithm. Key and IV is generated automatically.
DESCryptoServiceProvider desCrypto =(DESCryptoServiceProvider)DESCryptoServiceProvider.Create();// Use the Automatically generated key for Encryption.
return ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(desCrypto.Key);
}
static void EncryptFile(string sInputFilename,
string sOutputFilename,
string sKey)
FileStream fsInput = new FileStream(sInputFilename,
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read);FileStream fsEncrypted = new FileStream(sOutputFilename,
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write);
DESCryptoServiceProvider DES = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
如果您不提供密钥,提供程序就会随机生成一个密钥。这将成功地加密文件,但是无法解密文件。请注意,您还必须提供初始化矢量 (IV)。该值用作加密的一部分。与密钥相似,如果您未提供 IV,提供程序就会随机生成一个。由于该值对于加密和解密必须相同,所以不能让提供程序随机生成这些值。
DES.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
DES.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
ICryptoTransform desencrypt = DES.CreateEncryptor();
CryptoStream cryptostream = new CryptoStream(fsEncrypted,
desencrypt,
CryptoStreamMode.Write);
byte[] bytearrayinput = new byte[fsInput.Length - 1];
fsInput.Read(bytearrayinput, 0, bytearrayinput.Length);
cryptostream.Write(bytearrayinput, 0, bytearrayinput.Length);
要解密文件,请按照下列步骤操作:
static void DecryptFile(string sInputFilename,
string sOutputFilename,
string sKey)
{
DESCryptoServiceProvider DES = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
//A 64 bit key and IV is required for this provider.
//Set secret key For DES algorithm.
DES.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
//Set initialization vector.
DES.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);//Create a file stream to read the encrypted file back.
FileStream fsread = new FileStream(sInputFilename,
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read);
//Create a DES decryptor from the DES instance.
ICryptoTransform desdecrypt = DES.CreateDecryptor();
//Create crypto stream set to read and do a
//DES decryption transform on incoming bytes.
CryptoStream cryptostreamDecr = new CryptoStream(fsread,
desdecrypt,
CryptoStreamMode.Read);
//Print the contents of the decrypted file.
StreamWriter fsDecrypted = new StreamWriter(sOutputFilename);
fsDecrypted.Write(new StreamReader(cryptostreamDecr).ReadToEnd());
fsDecrypted.Flush();
fsDecrypted.Close();
}
static void Main()
{
// Must be 64 bits, 8 bytes.
// Distribute this key to the user who will decrypt this file.
string sSecretKey;// Get the key for the file to encrypt.
sSecretKey = GenerateKey();// For additional security pin the key.
GCHandle gch = GCHandle.Alloc( sSecretKey,GCHandleType.Pinned );// Encrypt the file.
EncryptFile(@"C:\MyData.txt",
@"C:\Encrypted.txt",
sSecretKey);// Decrypt the file.
DecryptFile(@"C:\Encrypted.txt",
@"C:\Decrypted.txt",
sSecretKey);// Remove the key from memory.
ZeroMemory(gch.AddrOfPinnedObject(), sSecretKey.Length * 2);
gch.Free();
}
用一个文本文件 (.txt) 测试此代码,确认它可对此文件进行正确的加密和解密。确保将文件解密到一个新文件(如本文中的 Main() 过程中所示),而不是解密到原来的文件中。检查解密后的文件,然后与原文件进行比较。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;namespace CSEncryptDecrypt
{
class Class1
{
// Call this function to remove the key from memory after use for security
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL", EntryPoint="RtlZeroMemory")]
public static extern bool ZeroMemory(IntPtr Destination, int Length);// Function to Generate a 64 bits Key.
static string GenerateKey()
{
// Create an instance of Symetric Algorithm. Key and IV is generated automatically.
DESCryptoServiceProvider desCrypto =(DESCryptoServiceProvider)DESCryptoServiceProvider.Create();// Use the Automatically generated key for Encryption.
return ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(desCrypto.Key);
}static void EncryptFile(string sInputFilename,
string sOutputFilename,
string sKey)
{
FileStream fsInput = new FileStream(sInputFilename,
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read);FileStream fsEncrypted
= new FileStream(sOutputFilename,
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write);
DESCryptoServiceProvider DES = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
DES.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
DES.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
ICryptoTransform desencrypt = DES.CreateEncryptor();
CryptoStream cryptostream = new CryptoStream(fsEncrypted,
desencrypt,
CryptoStreamMode.Write); byte[] bytearrayinput = new byte[fsInput.Length];
fsInput.Read(bytearrayinput, 0, bytearrayinput.Length);
cryptostream.Write(bytearrayinput, 0, bytearrayinput.Length);
cryptostream.Close();
fsInput.Close();
fsEncrypted.Close();
}static void DecryptFile(string sInputFilename,
string sOutputFilename,
string sKey)
{
DESCryptoServiceProvider DES = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
//A 64 bit key and IV is required for this provider.
//Set secret key For DES algorithm.
DES.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
//Set initialization vector.
DES.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);//Create a file stream to read the encrypted file back.
FileStream fsread = new FileStream(sInputFilename,
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read);
//Create a DES decryptor from the DES instance.
ICryptoTransform desdecrypt = DES.CreateDecryptor();
//Create crypto stream set to read and do a
//DES decryption transform on incoming bytes.
CryptoStream cryptostreamDecr = new CryptoStream(fsread,
desdecrypt,
CryptoStreamMode.Read);
//Print the contents of the decrypted file.
StreamWriter fsDecrypted = new StreamWriter(sOutputFilename);
fsDecrypted.Write(new StreamReader(cryptostreamDecr).ReadToEnd());
fsDecrypted.Flush();
fsDecrypted.Close();
} static void Main()
{
// Must be 64 bits, 8 bytes.
// Distribute this key to the user who will decrypt this file.
string sSecretKey;// Get the Key for the file to Encrypt.
sSecretKey = GenerateKey();// For additional security Pin the key.
GCHandle gch = GCHandle.Alloc( sSecretKey,GCHandleType.Pinned );// Encrypt the file.
EncryptFile(@"C:\MyData.txt",
@"C:\Encrypted.txt",
sSecretKey);// Decrypt the file.
DecryptFile(@"C:\Encrypted.txt",
@"C:\Decrypted.txt",
sSecretKey);// Remove the Key from memory.
ZeroMemory(gch.AddrOfPinnedObject(), sSecretKey.Length * 2);
gch.Free();
}
}
}
上面代码不能正确还原中文字符,只需要小做修改
static void DecryptFile(string sInputFilename, string sOutputFilename, string sKey)
{
DESCryptoServiceProvider DES = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
//A 64 bit key and IV is required for this provider.
//Set secret key For DES algorithm.
DES.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);
//Set initialization vector.
DES.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey);//Create a file stream to read the encrypted file back.
FileStream fsread = new FileStream(sInputFilename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
//Create a DES decryptor from the DES instance.
ICryptoTransform desdecrypt = DES.CreateDecryptor();
//Create crypto stream set to read and do a
//DES decryption transform on incoming bytes.
CryptoStream cryptostreamDecr = new CryptoStream(fsread, desdecrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Read);
//Print the contents of the decrypted file.
StreamWriter fsDecrypted = new StreamWriter(sOutputFilename);
fsDecrypted.Write(new StreamReader(cryptostreamDecr,Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd());
fsDecrypted.Flush();
fsDecrypted.Close();
}
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